Chapter 3.2 - Genetics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3.2 - Genetics Deck (21)
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1
Q

Autoradiography

A

Technique that relies on the emission of radioactive particles from within the subject to produce an image.

2
Q

Autosomes

A

Chromosomes that do not determine sex.

3
Q

Centromere

A

Region of the chromosome that becomes attached to the spindle fibres during cell division.

4
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a thread-like linear strand of DNA that carry the genes in a linear order (the human species has 23 pairs).

5
Q

Diploid cells

A

Have nuclei containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set from each parent.

6
Q

Down syndrome

A

A human genetic disease resulting from having an extra chromosome 21 (characterized by having a delay in mental development).

7
Q

Gene

A

A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.

8
Q

Genome

A

The total genetic material of an organism.

9
Q

Haploid cells

A

Have one chromosome of each pair (have one full set of the chromosomes that are found in its species).

10
Q

Histones

A

Globular proteins associated to chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.

11
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Chromosome pairs with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.

12
Q

Karyogram

A

Shows the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs of decreasing length.

13
Q

Karyotype

A

A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type.

14
Q

Locus

A

The position of the gene on the chromosome (loci plural).

15
Q

Naked DNA

A

The DNA in prokaryotic cells that is not associated with proteins.

16
Q

Plasmid

A

The DNA of prokaryote in the circular chromosome.

17
Q

Sequencing of DNA

A

To determine the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule.

18
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

The pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.

19
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis.

20
Q

Staining

A

Treating (specimens for the microscope) with a reagent or dye that makes certain structures visible without affecting others.

21
Q

Allele

A

One of the possible alternatives of a gene, occupying a specific position on a chromosome, that controls the same trait.