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343 Pharm Exam 2 > Chapter 38 Upper Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 38 Upper Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common treatments of the common cold? (4)

A

Antihistamines
Nasal decongestants
Antiussives
Expectorants

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2
Q

For the common cold, treatment is only what?

A

Symptomatic not curative
So not matter what you’ll have 7-14 days being sick

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3
Q

What is allergic rhinitis?

A

Exposure to an allergen or antigen causes
Sneezing, itching, watery eyes, nasal congestion, post nasal drip

Also causes loss smell and taste cough and hoarseness

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4
Q

Allergies can be season or perennial
Why?

A

Because it can affect people differently and think of the spring time !

Bug no matter what treatment is still the same

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5
Q

How does the body respond to an allergen exposure?

A

It’ll release histamines and other inflammatory mediators to cause the mucous and if itching

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6
Q

If you know you have allergies it’s best to what?

A

Always take medications before going in the exposure!

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7
Q

It’s super bad that when your allergies aren’t control, bacteria can grow, meaning??

A

They can develop secondary effects

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8
Q

Antihistamines do what?
Functions in the patient how?
What are the 2 things it can be combined with?

A

Blocks the action of histamines at H1 receptor sites

Providing relief to prevent allergic symptoms

Decongestants
Cough medications

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9
Q

Notes
Antihistamines indications
- common cold
- nasal allergies
- hay fever
- allergic reactions
- motion sickness
- Parkinson’s disease
- sleep disorders

A
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10
Q

What are some adverse effects of antihistamines?
They are the same thing as anticholinergic drugs? (4)

A

Dry mouth
Constipation
Changes in vision
Drowsiness

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11
Q

What are the biggest things we tell our patients taking antihistamines? To do what?

A

Not drive because it causes drowsiness !!

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12
Q

Notes antihistamines
Use with caution with increase intraocular pressure, renal or cardiac disease
Hypertension
Respiratory disease
PUD
BPH

Don’t drive !!
Don’t mix with CNS depressants
Take with meals!!
Dry mouth

A
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13
Q

What does nasal congestion do?

A

Dilation of nasal blood vessels and swelling of nasal cavity

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14
Q

What are the 4 things nasal decongestants do?

A

Stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors
Produce nasal vascular constrictions
Shrinks muscuous mebrames
Reduce nasal secretion

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15
Q

Nasal congestion can be used for ?(3)

A

Allergic rhinitis
Inflammation
Infection

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16
Q

What are some side effects of nasal decongestants? (3)

A

Nervous
Restless
Rebound nasal congestion if used for long

17
Q

Notes nasal decongestants
Use with cautions in hypertension
Cardiac disease & DM

Administration
Spray
Drops
Tablet
Capsule
Liquid

Interactions
Caffeine
MAOIS
Beta blockers

A
18
Q

What does intranasal glucocorticoids do?
Used for?
Side effects? (4)

A

Anti inflammatory
Allergic rhinitis

Candidiasis, headache, blurred vision, pharyngitis

Just to know, they are given in micrograms!
( helps decrease rhinorrhea, sneezing and congestion )
( takes a few days to start working, maybe even up to a week! So people use afrin and they immediately work, compared to your flonasal spray, they will quit !! It just takes a while !! )

( rinse your mouth cause thrush, and use a spacer for better absorption )

19
Q

What does antitussives do?

Types?(3)

A

Act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Opioid codeine
Combination preparations
Dextromethrophan

20
Q

What are expectorants ? - guaifenesin
(2)

Use ?

Side effective ? (3)

A

Loosens bronchial secretions
Allows elimination by coughing

Common cold

Drowsiness, dizziness, headache

21
Q

What does sinusitis mean?

Treatment ?

A

Inflammation of mucous membranes of sinuses

Decongestants, acetaminophen, fluids, rest and antibiotics

22
Q

What is acute pharyngitis mean?
Treatment?

A

Inflammation of throat

Saline gargles, lozenges, increase fluid intake, acetaminophen

23
Q

What is a first generation antihistamines?
Drowsiness dry mouth
Anticholinergic!!!!!

A

Benadryl !!!

Hard to pee!!
Get tired!!
Take it at night!!

24
Q

How are you gonna manage a dry mouth?

A

Ice chips!
Sugar less Candy!

343 Pharm Exam 2 (9 decks)

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