Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

Question 2

True or False: Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What structure is responsible for the shape and protection of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

The cell wall

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain __________, which are specialized structures that perform distinct functions.

Answer 4

organelles

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 6

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

True or False: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can have a plasma membrane.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What type of genetic material do prokaryotic cells typically contain?

Answer 8

Circular DNA or plasmids

Question 9

Which type of cell has a well-defined nucleus?

Answer 9

Eukaryotic cell

Question 10

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

It is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins and lipids.

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells? A) Ribosomes B) Nucleus C) Plasma membrane D) Cell wall

Answer 11

B) Nucleus

Question 12

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 13

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps maintain the shape of the cell.

Answer 14

cytoskeleton

Question 15

What is the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 16

Which type of cells have chloroplasts?

Answer 16

Eukaryotic plant cells

Question 17

What is a distinguishing feature of archaea compared to bacteria?

Answer 17

Archaea have unique membrane lipids and RNA polymerases.

Question 18

True or False: Prokaryotic cells can reproduce through mitosis.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 19

Peptidoglycan

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane? A) Energy production B) Selective permeability C) Protein synthesis D) DNA replication

Answer 20

B) Selective permeability

Question 21

What are flagella used for in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 21

Flagella are used for locomotion.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a double membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 22

nuclear envelope

Question 23

What is the role of the cytoplasm in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 23

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance where cellular processes occur.

Question 24

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Chloroplast

Question 25

True or False: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain DNA.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 26

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a rigid structure that provides support and shape to plant cells.

Answer 27

cell wall

Question 28

What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 28

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER does not.

Question 29

Multiple Choice: Which structure is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in eukaryotic cells? A) Mitochondria B) Peroxisomes C) Golgi apparatus D) Ribosomes

Answer 29

B) Peroxisomes

Question 30

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 30

The nucleolus is responsible for ribosome production.

Question 31

True or False: Bacteria can have plasmids that carry antibiotic resistance genes.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 32

Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually through a process called __________.

Answer 33

binary fission

Question 34

What are pili used for in bacteria?

Answer 34

Pili are used for attachment to surfaces and for conjugation.

Question 35

Which organelle synthesizes lipids?

Answer 35

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can have more than one nucleus.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is the role of the cytosol?

Answer 37

Cytosol is the aqueous component of the cytoplasm where various cellular processes occur.

Question 38

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells? A) Lack of organelles B) Presence of a nucleus C) Smaller size than prokaryotes D) Circular DNA

Answer 38

B) Presence of a nucleus

Question 39

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 39

To provide structural support and protection.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the semi-permeable barrier that surrounds all cells.

Answer 40

plasma membrane

Question 41

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 41

It is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins destined for export or for use in the cell membrane.

Question 42

True or False: All eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What is the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 43

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells? A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Nucleus C) Ribosomes D) Mitochondria

Answer 44

C) Ribosomes

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The __________ is an organelle that stores and modifies proteins and lipids.

Answer 45

Golgi apparatus

Question 46

What are the two main types of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 46

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 47

True or False: Eukaryotic cells reproduce only through mitosis.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What structure allows for the movement of substances across the plasma membrane?

Answer 48

Transport proteins

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The __________ houses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 49

nucleus

Question 50

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 50

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Question 51

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? A) Communication with other cells B) Energy production C) Selective permeability D) Structural support

Answer 51

B) Energy production

Question 52

True or False: The cytoskeleton is only present in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 52

False