Bicameral
Two house government
Parliament
Bicameral (two house) legislature
Virtual representation
The belief in England that the colonies are represented in England
Sugar Act
1764 Britain put a tax on sugar, was a direct tax to regulate purpose
Quartering Act (1765)
More English soldiers were stationed into colonies + people were forced to house them if needed
Stamp act
Tax on paper to regulate trade and raise money. Was taken away. Made to raise money after English debt.
Taxation without representation
Britain would not give colonies representation, so the colonies told them that they shouldn’t be taxed unless they were represented in congress
John Adams
Prominent Massachusetts lawyer that defended the soldiers from Boston Massacre
Influence of Enlightenment
The colonists started different documents including Common Sense and Declaration of Independence
Patrick Henry
Young Virginia that drafted Virginia resolves. Didn’t think Britain had right to tax
Sons of Liberty
Group of men that led popular protest. Boston Massacre
Nonimportation agreements
Agreements of colonies to stop importing goods to England. Boycott
Role of Women in colonial protests
“Mother figures” that would take care and support the soldiers an Sons of liberty
Townshend Acts
Glass, tea, paper. After stamp act. They later on take them all away except tea. After=Boston Tea Party
Boston Massacre
Patriot name for killing of 5men by soldiers during a rebellion.
Committees of correspondence
After Boston Massacre, mid 1770s. Communication about England. Designed to promote unity in colonies.
Boston Tea Party
When colonists dressed up as Indians and poured millions of dollars worth of tea.
Intolerable Acts
Close Boston Harbour, limit Massachusetts legislature, pass/expand Quartering Act, people accused of crime=trailed in England, more space in Quebec
First continental congress
Men in Philadelphia, all colonies except Georgia, called for boycott of British goods, agreed to meet following year.
Militia
Full time farmers, part time soldiers for hire
Loyalists
Colonists who remain loyal to Britain
Patriots
Colonists that supported the idea of breaking away from Britain
Second continental congress
When delicates from each state assembled in Philadelphia to discuss breaking away from Britain. Sent Olive Tree Branch Petition
Continental Army
Army that represented colonies during Revolutionary War
George Washington
Had served as a colonial officer in French Indian war. Became president
Olive Branch petition
Congress sent to Europe to tell King that they were still loyal to King but not Parliament. One last effort from 2nd Continental congress. King ignores+ starts revolution
Thomas Paine + Common Sense
Recent immigrant from England who was Artisan tax collector. Document that pursuaded more people to dislike King and break away from Britain
Declaration of Independence
Document that declared independence from Britain
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote Declaration of Independence
Natural Rights
Derived from Enlightenment, life liberty property <- John Locke
Unalienable Rights
Thomas Jefferson changes natural rights to: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
William Howe
New British commander that ordered frontal assault by soldiers in middle of day
Battle of Bunker hill
Patriots fortified hills overlooking boston and hoped to drive British away from seaport. Patriots won.
The American crisis
Papflit written by Thomas Paine. Gave respect to the country
Mercenaries
Soldiers who fought for hire. Left after their time was over
Battle of Trenton
When Washington surprised more than 1,000 German soldiers + WON
Charles Cornwallis
General of British Army against Washington
Battle of Princeton
Victory of Washington by moving his troops in the night + killed many Cornwallis troops.
French enter the war
France enters the war after Benjamin Franklin makes treaty of Paris in France
Spain enter the war
They funded and provided critical military supplies. Spain was allied with France
Marquis de Lafayette
Patriot general that provided military expense
Benjamin Franklin
Leading American negotiator in Paris got French on US side.
Valley Forge
Outside of Philadelphia where Washington’s army spent bad winter.
Battle of Monmouth
New Jersey where British fought off Washington
The Frontier war
Political + geographical areas near or beyond a boundary.
Colonel George Rogers Clark
Was a Virginia Militia, of highest ranking American military
Kings Mountain
South Carolina in 1780 when Patriots crushed loyalists
Nathanael Greene
Major general of continental army. Forced Cornwallis to head to Virginia
Daniel Morgan
Member of US House of Reprasentatives from Virginia’s 1st congressional district
Yorktown
When French has more forces than US and Virginia where Washington planned to trap Cornwallis’ army. Most important battle
Treaty of Paris
Treaty with Paris by Benjamin Franklin 1783. Got French on US side
Treaty of Stanwix (1784) and Hopewell(1785)
Treaties between colonies and Indians after Revolution to force Indians out of the land.
Impact of the revolution on Women + slaves
Both thought that they’d get freedoms like the men would, so they helped. They were only led on because slavery gets worse and woman couldn’t vote
Manumission
Act of slave owner freeing slaves