Chapter 4 Flashcards
Polymers of Nucleic Acid
DNA and RNA
Nitrogenous Bases in DNA or RNA (5)
1) Cytosine
2) Thymine (Only in DNA)
3) Uracil (Only in RNA)
4) Adenine
5) Guanine
Purines?? (2)
1) Adenine
2) Guanine
(Pure (A)s (G)old) [Mnemonic]
Pyrimidines??? (3)
1) Cytosine
2) Thymine
3) Uracil
DNA has what nucleotides (base pairing)??
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
RNA has what nucleotides (base pairing)
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
What sugar (carbohydrate) you need to make DNA?
Deoxyribose
What sugar (carbohydrate) you need to make RNA?
Ribose Sugar
Law of Complimentary Base Pairing
When one strand governs the base sequence of the others
What base pairing goes together for DNA? And how many bonds between them?
Guanine—Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)
Thymine—Adenine (2 hydrogen bonds)
What base pairing goes with RNA?? How many hydrogen bonds?
Guanine—Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)
Adenine—Uracil (2 hydrogen bonds)
Replications???
DNA—> DNA
Divide to makes two cells
Transcription??? And where does it occur?
DNA—> is unwind by ribosomes and copied using complementary base pairing for RNA into mRNA
Occurs in the nucleus
Translation????
mRNA—> goes out into the cytoplasm and meets a tRNA (who binds free amino acids to ribosome), they have anticodon (ex. UGC) to pairs with a codon of the mRNA and read by the ribosome to combine the amino acid to build a protein.
mRNA—>Protein
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Replication steps???
1) DNA helicase unwine DNA in half
2) Leading strand adds complimentary base pairing by DNA polymerase
3) Lagging strand (Okazaki Fragments) adds complimentary pairing by DNA ligase
4) DNA gyrase brings two strands together into a helix
Mnemonic(help Polly like Gerald)