chapter 4

Question 1

portion of image that is dark or black; structures that appear radiolucent permit the passage of xrays with little or no resistance(pulp chamber and pdl)

Answer 1

radiolucent

Question 2

portion of the image that is light or white; structures that appear radiopaque are dense and absorb or resist the passage of xrays(enamel, dentin, bone)

Answer 2

radiopaque

Question 3

degree of darkness or image blackening

Answer 3

density

Question 4

light= how much density

Answer 4

little density

Question 5

dark=how much density

Answer 5

more density

Question 6

blackness results when xrays strike sensitive crystals

Answer 6

in the film emulsion

Question 7

if you increase mA , density

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

refers to the many shades of gray that separate the dark and light areas

Answer 8

contrast

Question 9

high contrast image will have

Answer 9

few shades of gray

Question 10

low contrast image will have

Answer 10

many shades of gray

Question 11

high contrast between adjacent areas are

Answer 11

large

Question 12

high contrast is __ scale

Answer 12

short

Question 13

low contrast is ___ scale

Answer 13

long

Question 14

where tissues are soft or thin

Answer 14

radiolucent

Question 15

where tissues are hard or thick

Answer 15

radiopaque

Question 16

radiographs in which the density differences between adjacent areas are small

Answer 16

low contrast

Question 17

lower contrast is(color)

Answer 17

darker

Question 18

increase kvp(raise), ____ contrast

Answer 18

low

Question 19

decrease kvp(lower)

Answer 19

higher contrast

Question 20

geometric factor that refers to detail and clarity of the outline of structures shown on a radiograph; can be affected by pixel size and distribution

Answer 20

sharpness

Question 21

shadow cast rules are often referred to as a geometric factors that contribute to the ____ of a radiographic image

Answer 21

quality

Question 22

rules for shadow casting

Answer 22

small focal spot

long target-object distance

short object-film distance

parallel relationship between object and film

perp relationship between central ray of xray beam and the object and film

Question 23

scattered radiation add a uniform exposure to a radiograph that __ contrast

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

higher kv produce ___ contrast

Answer 24

lower

Question 25

lower kv produce___ contrast

Answer 25

higher

Question 26

regions with tissues of different densities will have__ contrast

Answer 26

Higher contrast

Question 27

regions with tissues of similar densities will have ____ contrast

Answer 27

lower contrast

Question 28

increased scatter radiation, ___ contrast

Answer 28

lower

Question 29

small focal spot, what is sharpness

Answer 29

increase

Question 30

long target image distance- sharpness

Answer 30

increase sharpness

Question 31

short object image distance- sharpness

Answer 31

increase sharpness

Question 32

thin screen- sharpness

Answer 32

increase

Question 33

large crystals- sharpness

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

distance between the source of x ray production and the image receptor

Answer 34

target-image receptor

Question 35

long target image receptor distance has x rays in the center of the beam that are nearly ___

Answer 35

parallel

Question 36

long target image distance ---

Answer 36

sharper image | less magnification

Question 37

distance between the object being radiographed and the image receptor

Answer 37

object image receptor distance

Question 38

closer proximity of object image receptor

Answer 38

shaper images and less magnification

Question 39

thicker the screen, the___ radiation required to expose a film

Answer 39

less

Question 40

the thicker the screen, the less

Answer 40

sharp the image

Question 41

increase in size of the image on a radiograph compared to the actual size of an object

Answer 41

magnification

Question 42

long PID does what to the magnification

Answer 42

decreases magnification

Question 43

result of unequal magnification of different parts of the same object

Answer 43

distortion

Question 44

long object image distance does what to magnification

Answer 44

increase

Question 45

effects of varying the exposure factors(exposure factors listed)

Answer 45

1. mA 2. exposure time 3. mAs 4. kVp

Question 46

if you increase mA, time and kV, the image density will do what and what color

Answer 46

darker and more dense image

Question 47

increase kV for ____ contrast

Answer 47

less contrast

Question 48

which will primarily affect image contrast, but secondarily affect image density

Answer 48

kV

Question 49

combining the ____ with exposure time is an effective way to determine total radiation generated

Answer 49

mA

Question 50

when mA is increased, the exposure time

Answer 50

must be decreased

Question 51

as kV is increased, the ____ the wavelength and the _____ the energy and penetrating power of the xrays produced

Answer 51

shorter; higher

Question 52

what is the only exposure factor to directly influence contrast

Answer 52

kVp

Question 53

length of the target- surface distance is determined by the length of the_____

Answer 53

PID

Question 54

sum of the target object and object image receptor distance

Answer 54

target image receptor distance

Question 55

image quality improves when the target image receptor distance is_____

Answer 55

increased

Question 56

states that the intensity of radiation varies inversely as the square of the distance from its source

Answer 56

inverse square law

Question 57

inverse square law equation

Answer 57

original intensity/new intensity= new distance^2/original distance^2

Question 58

when the target-image receptor distance is doubled, the radiation spreads out and the intensity does what

Answer 58

decreases by four