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radiology dhyg 3027 > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

portion of image that is dark or black; structures that appear radiolucent permit the passage of xrays with little or no resistance(pulp chamber and pdl)

A

radiolucent

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2
Q

portion of the image that is light or white; structures that appear radiopaque are dense and absorb or resist the passage of xrays(enamel, dentin, bone)

A

radiopaque

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3
Q

degree of darkness or image blackening

A

density

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4
Q

light= how much density

A

little density

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5
Q

dark=how much density

A

more density

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6
Q

blackness results when xrays strike sensitive crystals

A

in the film emulsion

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7
Q

if you increase mA , density

A

increases

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8
Q

refers to the many shades of gray that separate the dark and light areas

A

contrast

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9
Q

high contrast image will have

A

few shades of gray

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10
Q

low contrast image will have

A

many shades of gray

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11
Q

high contrast between adjacent areas are

A

large

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12
Q

high contrast is __ scale

A

short

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13
Q

low contrast is ___ scale

A

long

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14
Q

where tissues are soft or thin

A

radiolucent

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15
Q

where tissues are hard or thick

A

radiopaque

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16
Q

radiographs in which the density differences between adjacent areas are small

A

low contrast

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17
Q

lower contrast is(color)

A

darker

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18
Q

increase kvp(raise), ____ contrast

A

low

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19
Q

decrease kvp(lower)

A

higher contrast

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20
Q

geometric factor that refers to detail and clarity of the outline of structures shown on a radiograph; can be affected by pixel size and distribution

A

sharpness

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21
Q

shadow cast rules are often referred to as a geometric factors that contribute to the ____ of a radiographic image

A

quality

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22
Q

rules for shadow casting

A

small focal spot

long target-object distance

short object-film distance

parallel relationship between object and film

perp relationship between central ray of xray beam and the object and film

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23
Q

scattered radiation add a uniform exposure to a radiograph that __ contrast

A

decreases

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24
Q

higher kv produce ___ contrast

A

lower

25
Q

lower kv produce___ contrast

A

higher

26
Q

regions with tissues of different densities will have__ contrast

A

Higher contrast

27
Q

regions with tissues of similar densities will have ____ contrast

A

lower contrast

28
Q

increased scatter radiation, ___ contrast

A

lower

29
Q

small focal spot, what is sharpness

A

increase

30
Q

long target image distance- sharpness

A

increase sharpness

31
Q

short object image distance- sharpness

A

increase sharpness

32
Q

thin screen- sharpness

A

increase

33
Q

large crystals- sharpness

A

decrease

34
Q

distance between the source of x ray production and the image receptor

A

target-image receptor

35
Q

long target image receptor distance has x rays in the center of the beam that are nearly ___

A

parallel

36
Q

long target image distance —

A

sharper image

less magnification

37
Q

distance between the object being radiographed and the image receptor

A

object image receptor distance

38
Q

closer proximity of object image receptor

A

shaper images and less magnification

39
Q

thicker the screen, the___ radiation required to expose a film

A

less

40
Q

the thicker the screen, the less

A

sharp the image

41
Q

increase in size of the image on a radiograph compared to the actual size of an object

A

magnification

42
Q

long PID does what to the magnification

A

decreases magnification

43
Q

result of unequal magnification of different parts of the same object

A

distortion

44
Q

long object image distance does what to magnification

A

increase

45
Q

effects of varying the exposure factors(exposure factors listed)

A
  1. mA
  2. exposure time
  3. mAs
  4. kVp
46
Q

if you increase mA, time and kV, the image density will do what and what color

A

darker and more dense image

47
Q

increase kV for ____ contrast

A

less contrast

48
Q

which will primarily affect image contrast, but secondarily affect image density

A

kV

49
Q

combining the ____ with exposure time is an effective way to determine total radiation generated

A

mA

50
Q

when mA is increased, the exposure time

A

must be decreased

51
Q

as kV is increased, the ____ the wavelength and the _____ the energy and penetrating power of the xrays produced

A

shorter; higher

52
Q

what is the only exposure factor to directly influence contrast

A

kVp

53
Q

length of the target- surface distance is determined by the length of the_____

A

PID

54
Q

sum of the target object and object image receptor distance

A

target image receptor distance

55
Q

image quality improves when the target image receptor distance is_____

A

increased

56
Q

states that the intensity of radiation varies inversely as the square of the distance from its source

A

inverse square law

57
Q

inverse square law equation

A

original intensity/new intensity= new distance^2/original distance^2

58
Q

when the target-image receptor distance is doubled, the radiation spreads out and the intensity does what

A

decreases by four

radiology dhyg 3027 (8 decks)

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