Chapter 4 - Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main types of dementia?

A
  • Alzheimer’s dementia
  • vascular dementia
  • frontotemporal dementia
  • Lewy-body dementia
  • Parkinson’s disease with dementia
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2
Q

What is the most common type of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease dementia

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3
Q

Which drugs can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia?

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Memantine

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4
Q

What is first line pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer’s dementia?

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

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5
Q

Which neurotransmitter in the brain has been shown to be decreased in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia?

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

Why should Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors be initiated at a lose dose?

A

Dose related cholinergic effects can occur include:

arrythmias
Hallucinations
Diarrhoea

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7
Q

Which AchI is also licensed for slowing down dementia progression in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Rivastigmine

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8
Q

Which AchI is available in a transdermal patch?

A

Rivastigmine

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9
Q

What is the MOA of memantine?

A

Glutamate receptor antagonist

increasing evidence that malfunctioning of glutamatergic neurotransmission, in particular at NMDA-receptors, contributes to both expression of symptoms and disease progression in neurodegenerative dementia.

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10
Q

If memantine is a glutamate receptor antagonists, which types of patients should we be more cautionate with when initiating memantine?

A

Those with a history of convulsions e.g epileptics

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11
Q

When is memantine initiated in patients?

A

Moderate to severe dementia

Or when AchI are not tolerated

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