Chapter 4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 0

METABOLISM

Answer 0

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Question 1

BIOENERGETICS

Answer 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Question 2

EXERCISE METABOLISM

Answer 2

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Question 3

SUBSTRATES

Answer 3

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 4

CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 4

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which includes starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Question 5

GLUCOSE

Answer 5

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fats, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Question 6

GLYCOGEN

Answer 6

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted in glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Question 7

FAT

Answer 7

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some of the vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Question 8

TRIGLYCERIDES

Answer 8

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Question 9

PROTEIN

Answer 9

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Question 10

GLUCONEOGENESIS

Answer 10

The formation of glucose from noncarbohyrdate sources, such as amino acids.

Question 11

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

Answer 11

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 12

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE

Answer 12

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed.

Question 13

BETA OXIDATION

Answer 13

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFA’s into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 14

EXCESS POSTEXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (EPOC)

Answer 14

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.