Chapter 4 - Particulates and Gases

Question 1

Atomic Number

Answer 1

of protons in the nucleus

Question 2

Atomic Mass

Answer 2

protons, neutrons, and electrons

measured in grams - average weight of the natural isotopes compared to carbon

Question 3

Atomic weight of Sodium (Na)

Answer 3

23

Question 4

Atomic weight of Hydrogen (H)

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Atomic WEight of Carbon (C)

Answer 5

12

Question 6

Atomic weight of Nitrogen (N)

Answer 6

14

Question 7

Atomic Weight of Oxygen (O)

Answer 7

16

Question 8

Atom

Answer 8

Basic unit of matter
Nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged nuetrons
Surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

Charged atom

Positively charged ions have fewer electrons than protons

Question 10

Electron shell

Answer 10

Orbits of electrons around the nucleus

Number of electron shells determined by number of electrons

Question 11

Valence Electrons

Answer 11

Electrons in the outermost electron shell

Question 12

Shells with a complete number of electrons

Answer 12

Inert

Question 13

Ionic Bonding

Answer 13

Two atoms exchange electrons

Question 14

Covalent bonding

Answer 14

electrons are shared between two atoms in a molocule

usually non-metals

Question 15

Moles

Answer 15

SI unit that describes the atomic weight in terms of grams/mole
Weight of one mole of a substance in grams is molar mass
1 mole has 6.02 x 10^23 atoms (Avagadro’s number)

Question 16

Molecule

Answer 16

Unit of matter formed by the chemical combination of two or more atoms

Question 17

Compound

Answer 17

Substance composed of all the same kinds of molecules (water)

Question 18

Mixtures

Answer 18

Not the result of chemical bonding

consist of separate elements or compounds that are mixed together

Question 19

solute

Answer 19

that which is dissolved

Question 20

solvent

Answer 20

What a solute is dissolved into

Question 21

Atomic Weight of a compound

Answer 21

Add atomic weights of individual atoms remembering to multiply the individual weights by the number of atoms of each present in the compound

Question 22

pH

Answer 22

-log [H+]

Question 23

Neutral pH

Answer 23

7

Question 24

pH greater than 7

Answer 24

basic

Question 25

pH below 7

Answer 25

acidic

Question 26

Four gas laws

Answer 26

Boyle's Law Charles' Law Ideal Gas Law Combined Gas Law

Question 27

Boyle's Law

Answer 27

P1V1=P2V2 At constant temperature, a fixed mass of gas occupies a volume, which is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted upon it

Question 28

Charles' Law

Answer 28

At constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature Volume1/ Temperature 1 = Volume 2/ Temperature 2

Question 29

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 29

``` PV = nRT P= absolute pressure (psai) n= moles R = universal gas constant ```

Question 30

Combined Gas Law

Answer 30

Combines Charles and Boyle's Law | Pressure 1 * Volume 1 / Temp 1 = Pressure 2 * Volume 2 / Temp 2

Question 31

Vapors

Answer 31

a gaseous form of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature

Question 32

Gases

Answer 32

substances that completely occupy a space and can be converted to a liquid or solid by increasing or decreasing temperature

Question 33

Vapor Pressure

Answer 33

the pressure that a vapor at equilibrium with a pure liquid at a given temperature exerts to the surrounding atmosphere

Question 34

Particulate

Answer 34

fine solid or liquid particles, such as dust, fog, mist, smoke, or spray

Question 35

Dust

Answer 35

Solid particles generated by a mechanical action (crushing, grinding, etc.) Size ranges from 0.1 to 30um

Question 36

Fume

Answer 36

Airborne solid particles formed by the condensation of vapor (ie welding fumes) Size ranges from 0.001 to 1.0um

Question 37

Mist

Answer 37

`Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation or atomization (fogs formed by condensation). Size ranges from 0.01 to 10um

Question 38

Fibers

Answer 38

Particulate with an aspect ratios (length to width) of 3:1

Question 39

Standard Temperature and Pressure

Answer 39

25C and 1 atm In physical sciences STP = 0C and 1 atm When discussing ventilation STP = 70F and 1 atm

Question 40

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Answer 40

Maximum exposure concentration to a contaminant that an employee can be exposed to in an 8 hour workday only OSHA standard that is enforceable by law

Question 41

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

Answer 41

Established by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist Established exposure time for various contaminants in an 8 hour workday AAGIH does not consider economic impact when establishing TLVs, so they are sometimes more strict than PELs

Question 42

Time-weighted average (TWA)

Answer 42

Concentration that an employee is exposed to for a specific period of time PEL and TLV both established for time weighted average of 8 hours