What is the course
The course is where the route the river takes
What is the source
The source is where the river begins
What is the tributary
The tributary is a stream or a lake which joins the river
What is the mouth of a river
The mouth of the river enters a Sea or a lake
What is an Estuary
An estuary is where a rivers mouth is tidal
What is a river basin
I river basin is an area which drains the river tributary
What is a watershed
A watershed she is high ground that separates to river basins
What is erosion
Erosion is a river starting out on its journey is said to be a youthful stage of life like a child it is small lively and has lots of energy It uses this energy to remove anything in its way erosion is the main work of river during youthful stage The river erodes in different ways this way I called the processes if erosion
What are two features of the youthful stage
As the shaped valley and are waterfall
What is a V shaped Valley
Source equals small, flows quickly lots of energy. cuts into bed deepens the side of the valley raises up steeply from the River forming narrow because the V-shape valley
What is a waterfall
I waterfall is a steep section along the course of the stream rivers falls over this steep part forming a waterfall. The steep part happens because I band of hard rock runs across the bed of the stream wherever river runs over hard rock and runs over softer rock erodes the area and where is it down
What is the maturity stage
The maturity stage is when the river now is moved to the middle section of its course we call this the maturity stage. The river is bigger now because tributary a have joined it at that point the slow is levelling out at this to features found at this stage are
What are the two features found at the maturity stage
Two features are found I meanders and flood plain
What is meanders
I meander is when are we ever goes around a bend it flows fast on the outside band . Erosion takes place on the outside band where it flows of the river is fast and the river has lots of energy this is called lateral erosion
Source
Where a river begins
Course
The route a river takes as it flows from an upland area down through its valley until it enters the sea
Tributary
A stream or river which joins a larger river
Mouth
The place where a river enters the sea or a lake
Estuary
Where a river mouth is tidal
River basin
The entire area which is drained by a river and its tributaries
Watershed
The high ground that separates two river basins
What are the three ways a river changes the landscape?
- Erosion
- Transportation
- Deposition
Hydrolic action
The force of moving water erodes pieces of rock from the banks and bed of the river
How do humans interact with rivers
- Hydroelectric Power (HEP) stations
- Settlement
- Transport
- Industry
- Tourism and Leisure
- Flooding and Pollution
Positives of dams
- HEP stations
- Resevoirs
- Leisure activities
Negatives of dams
- Affects spawning grounds of fish and fish farming
- Movement of people from homes
- Loss of good agricultural land due to flooding
- Property destroyed
What are some other positive uses of rivers?
- Excellent sites for settlement
- Natural route way for the transportation of goods
- Rich agricultural land
- Leisure pursuits
Other negative uses of rivers?
- Pollution
* Flood
Abrasion
The load erodes and wears away the banks and bed of the river
Solution
Rainwater dissolves rock particles such as limestone
Attrition
Pebbles and stones rub against one another and are worn down and smoothened
The rate of erosion depends on…
The size of a river
The speed of the river
The hardness of the rock
What four ways can load be transported downstream?
Solution
Suspension
Saltation
Traction
When do rivers deposit their load?
- When the river loses speed
- When there is a reduction in water in the river channel
- When the river flows into the sea or a lake
- When the gradient of the river is reduced
Describe V-shaped valleys
-Found at the youthful stage of a river •They have steep sides and narrow floors •Made due to vertical erosion •The steep sides are then weathered and mass movement causes the sides of the valley to move downslope into the river •This gives the valley it's 'V' shape
Describe interlocking spurs
-Found at the youthful stage of a river
•They are areas of high ground that jut out from each side of the river
•If a river meets a hard area of rock that it can’t cut through it flows around it while still eroding downwards
•This makes interlocking spurs
Described waterfalls
-Found at the youthful stage of a river
•Created where a layer of hard rock lies over a layer of soft rock
•The river erodes the soft rock but can’t erode the hard rock
•This creates a step that water starts to fall over
•The falling water erodes deeper into the bed creating a plunge pool
Describe meanders
-Found in the mature stage of a river
•They are bends or curves along the river
•They are formed by erosion and deposition
•Erosion occurs on the outside bend well deposition occurs on the inside bend making the bend sharper
Describe flood plains
-Found in the mature stage of a river
•They are the flat areas of land on either side of the river
Describe oxbow lakes
-Found in the old stage of
•They are horseshoe shaped lakes found beside a river
•Formed when continued erosion and deposition create
•Eventually the river cuts through the neck of the meander
•Deposition occurs leaving the oxbow lake separated from the river
Describe levees
Found in the old stage of a river
They are raised banks of deposited material found along the banks of the river
When a river floods and spreads out over the flood plain the heaviest material is deposited close to the river
Describe deltas
-Found in the mature stage of a river
•They are triangular pieces of land formed at the mouth of a river
•As the river enters the sea it drops off all its remaining material
•This material builds up to form new land