Chapter 41 F&E Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular

A

Fluids within cells; 42% of total body weight; 2/3 of total body= water

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2
Q

Extracellular

A

Fluids outside of cells; 17% of body weight; 1/3 of total body weight

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3
Q

3 Extracellular Compartments

A

Interstitial, Intravascular, Transcellular

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4
Q

Interstitial

A

between cells

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5
Q

Intravascular

A

plasma

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6
Q

Transcellular

A

fluid separated by barrier

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7
Q

Electrolytes

A

An element or compound that, when dissolved or dissociated in water or solvent, separates into ions

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8
Q

Cations

A

Positive Charge; Na+(sodium), K+(potassium), CA2+(calcium)

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9
Q

Anions

A

Negative Charge; Cl-(chloride), HCO3-(bicarbonate), SO4-(sulfate)

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10
Q

Potassium (K+)

A

Normal range 3.5-5 mEq/L;
Major factor in ICF; Responsible for key metabolic & muscular activity-including cardiac conduction; Regulated by dietary intake & renal excretion

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11
Q

Sodium (Na+)

A

Normal range 135-145 mEq/L;

Most abundant in ECF; Major contributors to water balance; regulated by dietary intake and aldosterone secretion

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12
Q

Normal Arterial Blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

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13
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of a solvent across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lesser to one of greater concentration.

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Random movement of a solute through a semi-permeable membrane from higher to lower concentration. (ie. oxygen & carbon dioxide)

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15
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of water and diffusable substances across a membrane together, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure.

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16
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of ions against osmotic pressure to an area of higher pressure. Requires energy. (ie. sodium potassium pump)

17
Q

Acidosis

A

Excess of hydrogen ions in the ECF (below 7.35)

pH decreases; respiratory, renal, or metabolic cause; ECF becomes acidic

18
Q

Alkalosis

A

lack of hydrogen ions (above 7.45)

ECF becomes alkaline; pH increases, hyperventilation; vomiting; excess ingestion of base (antacids)

19
Q

Hydrogen Ion Regulators

A
  • Buffer systems
  • Respiratory
  • Kidneys
20
Q

Buffer

A

A substance or group of substances that can absorb or release H+ (lungs, heart, kidneys)

21
Q

Acidic

A

More H+, pH less than 7.35

22
Q

Chemical Acid-Base Balance Regulation

A

Carbonic Acid and bicarbonate buffer system; Reacts in seconds to change ECF pH; ECF becomes more acidic, pH decreases, producing acidosis; ECF receives more base, pH increases, producing alkalosis

23
Q

Biological Acid-Base Balance Regulation

A

Occurs when hydrogen ions are absorbed or released by cells; Occurs after chemical buffering; Ion exchange: with excess acid H+ enters the cell, K+ leaves, enters ECF producing increased serum K+ (ketoacidosis and starvation)

24
Q

Physiological Acid-Base Balance Regulation

A

Buffers are located in lungs and kidneys; healthy ones act to return pH to normal; lungs correct imbalance by altering rate and depth of respiration; kidneys increase or decrease HCO3- production (reabsorb or excrete) and excrete H+

25
Q

Lungs

A

Control excretion of CO2

26
Q

Kidneys

A

Control excretion of H+ and HCO3-

27
Q

Alkalosis; pH would increase because person is getting rid of CO2 (associated with acid)

A

Hyperventilating

28
Q

Isotonic

A

same osmality as blood

29
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher osmotic pressure; pulls fluid from cells (Cells shrink)

30
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower osmotic pressure, fluids go in cell to enlarge

31
Q

Fluid Intake for Regulation of Body Fluids

A

Regulated by thirst; intake is about 2200-2700 ml/day; requires an alert state

32
Q

ADH (water retention); Renin angiotensis-aldosterone mechanism (sodium and water retention to help increase blood volume); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - diuretic that cause sodium loss and inhibit thirst mechanism

A

Hormonal Regulation of Body Fluids

33
Q

Lost through kidneys, skin, lungs, gi tract; insensible loss through lungs and skin; sensible loss excessive perspiration

A

Fluid Output for Regulation of body fluids

34
Q

Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances (6)

A

Hypo and hypernatremia
Hypo and hypermagnesemia
Hypo and hyperkalemia