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psy 2 > chapter 456 > Flashcards

chapter 456 Flashcards

0
Q

proximodistal trend

A

into see growth proceeds from near to far center of the body outward

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1
Q

cephalocaudal trend

A

head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body

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2
Q

cerebral cortex

A

has two hemispheres each receives information from the side of the body opposite to it and controls only that side

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3
Q

left hemisphere

A

responsible for verbal abilities and positive emotion

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4
Q

right hemisphere

A

handles spatial abilities and negative emotion

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5
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that store and transmit information

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6
Q

synapses

A

tiny gap where fibers from different neurons come close together

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7
Q

neurotransmitters

A

neurons neurons send messages to one another by releasing chemicals

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8
Q

cerebral cortex

A

responsible for thought

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9
Q

lateralization

A

specialization of the two hemispheres

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10
Q

brain plasticity

A

capacity for learning hemisphere has specialized other areas can take over it’s tasks if damaged

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11
Q

experience expectant brain growth

A

opportunities to see and touch objects to hear languages and other sounds explore environment

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12
Q

experience dependent brain growth

A

additional growth and established brain structure result of specific learning that occur through life

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13
Q

classical conditioning

A

form of learning neutral stimulus is shared within a stimulus leading to reflexive response

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14
Q

dynamic system theory of motor development

A

mastery of motor skills

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15
Q

how classical conditioning works

A

unconditioned stimulus before learning
unconditioned response result, response
conditioned stimulus learning occurred
conditioned response response

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16
Q

nonorganic failure to thrive

A

infants who lack affection and stimulation

17
Q

2 dietary malnutrition diseases

A

marasmus. diet low in all essential nutrients

kwashiorkor. unbalanced diet very low in protein

18
Q

operant conditioning

operate on environment

A

reinforcer. stimulus that increases occurrence of response

punishment. remove desirable stimulus

19
Q

piagets cognitive developmental theory

A

children move through four stages in between infancy and adolescents

20
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

1st stage. spans first 2 years of life infant thinks with their eyes ears hands and equip.

21
Q

adaption

A

involves building schemes through direct interaction with environment

22
Q

assimilation

A

current schemes through direct interaction with environment

23
Q

accommodation

A

create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that our current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely

24
Q

Organization

A

process that takes place internally arrange them linking to other schemes

25
Q

sensorimotor stages 1-6

A

One reflexive schemes 2 primary circular three secondary circular reactions for coordination of secondary circular reactions five tertiary circular reactions six mental representation

26
Q

object permanence

A

object continues to exist when out of sight

27
Q

intentional goal directed behavior

A

scheme to solve problems

28
Q

improvements in the cognitive system

A

increase in basic capacity of memory stores especially working memory

29
Q

automatic processes

A

require no space in working memory can be done while focusing on other information

30
Q

self conscious emotions

A

shame embarrassment guilt pride envy

31
Q

emotional self regulation

A

adjusting ones own stage of emotional intensity

32
Q

Thomas and chess structure of temperament

A

easy difficult slow to warm up child

33
Q

security attachment

A

secure. avoidant. resistant. disorganized/disoriented

34
Q

secure attach

A

Infant use parent as secure base. prefer parent to stranger and crying stops once returned.

35
Q

avoidant attach

A

infant seems unresponsive to parent when present. if left infant are not distressed reacting to parent and stranger equally.

36
Q

resistant attach

A

before separation infant seek closeness. if left become distress and when returned react in anger.

37
Q

disorganized/disoriented attach

A

infant shows confusion.

38
Q

preoperational

A

stage 2. child uses symbols to represent objects

39
Q

concrete operational

A

stage 3. child think logically

40
Q

formal operational

A

stage 4. adolescent can reason

psy 2 (3 decks)

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