Chapter 49.1

Question 1

How are the neurons that cnidarians have arranged?

Answer 1

in nerve nets

Question 2

a series of interconnected nerve cells

Answer 2

nerve net

Question 3

nerve net

Answer 3

interconnected nerve cells

Question 4

what do complex animals have?

Answer 4

nerves

Question 5

the axons of multiple neurons are bundled together

Answer 5

nerves

Question 6

nerves

Answer 6

the axons of multiple neurons bundled together

Question 7

What do sea stars have

Answer 7

a set of radial nerves connecting to a central nerve ring

Question 8

what do nerves do

Answer 8

channel and organize information flow through the nervous sstem

Question 9

what do bilaterally symmetrical animals exhibit

Answer 9

cephalization

Question 10

when sensory organs are clustered at the front end of the body

Answer 10

cephalization

Question 11

cephalization

Answer 11

when sensory organs are clustered at the front end of the body

Question 12

what do flatworms have

Answer 12

a central nervous system (CNS)

Question 13

what does the central nervous system consist of

Answer 13

a brain and longitudinal nerve cords

Question 14

consists of neurons carrying information into and out of the CNS

Answer 14

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 15

what does the PNS consist of

Answer 15

neurons that cary info in and out of the CNS

Question 16

What do annelids and arthropods have

Answer 16

ganglia

Question 17

segmentally arranged clusters of neurons

Answer 17

ganglia

Question 18

ganglia

Answer 18

segmentally arranged clusters of neurons

Question 19

The CNS in vertebrates

Answer 19

composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

The PNS in vertebrates

Answer 20

is composed of nerves and ganglia

Question 21

have numerous functions to nourish, support, and regulate neurons

Answer 21

glial cells (glia)

Question 22

glial cells

Answer 22

have numerous functions to nourish, support, and regulate neurons

Question 23

form tracks where newly formed neurons migrate

Answer 23

embryonic radial glia

Question 24

embryonic radial glia

Answer 24

form tracks where newly formed neurons migrate

Question 25

induce cells lining capillaries in the CNS to form tight junctions

Answer 25

astrocytes

Question 26

results in a blood-brain barrier

Answer 26

astrocytes

Question 27

restrict the entry of most substances into the brain

Answer 27

astrocytes

Question 28

one of the roles of the glia

Answer 28

the development of the nervous system

Question 29

What can act as stem cells?

Answer 29

radial glial cells and astrocytes

Question 30

what do radial glia form in embryos

Answer 30

tracks where newly formed neurons migrate from the neural tube

Question 31

What does the CNS develop from

Answer 31

the hollow nerve cord

Question 32

What does the cavity of the nerve cord give rise to?

Answer 32

the narrow central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain

Question 33

What does the canal and ventricles fill with

Answer 33

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 34

supplies the CNS with nutrients and hormones and carries away wastes

Answer 34

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 35

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 35

gives the CNS nutrients and hormones and carries away wastes

Question 36

The brain and spinal cord contain...

Answer 36

gray matter and white matter

Question 37

consists of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmylinated axons

Answer 37

gray matter

Question 38

what does gray matter consist of?

Answer 38

1. neuron cell bodies 2. dendrites 3. unmyelinated axons

Question 39

consists of bundles of myelinated axons

Answer 39

white matter

Question 40

what does white matter consist of

Answer 40

bundles of myelinated axons

Question 41

conveys information to and from the brain

Answer 41

spinal cord

Question 42

generates basic patterns of locomotion

Answer 42

spinal cord

Question 43

what does the spinal cord do

Answer 43

sends info to and from the brain and causes motion

Question 44

produces reflexes independently of the brain

Answer 44

spinal cord

Question 45

the body's automatic response to a stimulus

Answer 45

reflex

Question 46

reflex

Answer 46

the body's automatic response to a stimulus

Question 47

where are afferent neurons

Answer 47

the PNS

Question 48

transmit info to the CNS

Answer 48

afferent neurons

Question 49

what do afferent neurons do

Answer 49

send info to the CNS

Question 50

where are efferent neurons

Answer 50

the PNS

Question 51

what do efferent neurons do

Answer 51

send info away from the CNS

Question 52

What are the three divisions of efferent neurons

Answer 52

1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic 3. enteric

Question 53

autonomic nervous system controlling digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder

Answer 53

enteric

Question 54

The two different components of the PNS

Answer 54

the motor system and the autonomic nervous system

Question 55

carries signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary

Answer 55

motor system

Question 56

motor system

Answer 56

carries signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary

Question 57

regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and is generally involutary

Answer 57

autonomic nervous system

Question 58

autonomic nervous system

Answer 58

regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and is generally involuntary

Question 59

What divisions does the autonomic nervous system have

Answer 59

sympathetic and arasympathetic

Question 60

regulates arousal and energy generation

Answer 60

sympathetic divison

Question 61

sympathetic division

Answer 61

regulates arousal and energy generation

Question 62

fight or flight response

Answer 62

sympathetic division

Question 63

has antagonistic effects on target organs

Answer 63

parasympathetic division

Question 64

promotes calming and a return to rest and digest functions

Answer 64

parasympathetic divison