Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Predation

A

occurs when a member of one species

the predator) feeds directly on all or part of a member of another species (the prey

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2
Q

Parasitism

A

occurs when one organism (the parasite) feeds on another organism (the host), usually by living on or in the host.

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3
Q

Mutualism

A

is an interaction that benefits both species by providing each with food, shelter, or some
other resource.

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4
Q

Commensalism

A

is an interaction that benefits one species but has little or no effect on the other.

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5
Q

Resource partitioning

A

occurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to share resources by using parts
of them, using them at different times, or using them in different ways

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6
Q

Coevolution

A

When populations of two different species interact in such a way over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other

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7
Q

Population

A

is a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species

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8
Q

Age structure

A

its distribution of individuals among various age groups

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9
Q

Range of tolerance

A

variations in its physical and chemical environment

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10
Q

Limiting factors

A

number of physical or chemical factors can help to determine the number of organisms in a population

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11
Q

Limiting factor principle

A

Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance

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12
Q

Environmental resistance

A

is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population

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13
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain
indefinitely

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14
Q

Population crash

A

population suffers a sharp decline

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15
Q

Population density

A

is the number of individuals in a population found in a particular area or volume

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16
Q

Ecological succession

A

The normally gradual change in species

composition in a given area

17
Q

Primary ecological succession

A

involves the gradual establishment of biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial ecosystem or no bottom sediment in an aquatic ecosystem

18
Q

Secondary ecological succession

A

in which a series of communities or ecosystems with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment

19
Q

Inertia or persistence

A

the ability of a living system such as a grassland or a forest to survive moderate disturbances

20
Q

Resilience

A

the ability of a living system to be

restored through secondary succession after a more severe disturbance

21
Q

Interspecific competition

A

occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources such as food, water, light, and space