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Flashcards in Chapter 5 Deck (28)
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1
Q

Latitude

A

Distance north/south of the eqautor

2
Q

Prevailing winds

A

Average direction of the wind in an area

3
Q

Aspect

A

Direction a slope faces in relation to the sun

4
Q

Altitude

A

Height above sea level

5
Q

Natural vegetation

A

Cover of plants and trees that grow in an area

Naturally, unaffected by humans

6
Q

Hot climates

A

Hot dessert cl.
Equatorial cl.
Found between 30° N and 30° S

7
Q

Temperate climates

A

Warm temperate oceanic Cl.

Cool Temperate Oceanic Cl.

8
Q

Cold climates

A

Tundra Cl

Boreal Cl

9
Q

Winter of the desert

A

Absence of clouds means rapid heat loss at night

10
Q

Oasis

A

Fertile are in a desert where water is found close to the surface

11
Q

Desertification

A

Spread of desert due to vegetatation loss, overgrazing etc.

12
Q

Drought

A

Increased evaporation without increasing condensation

13
Q

Mediterranean Cl

A

An a.k.a. For the Warm Temperate Oceanic Climate

14
Q

Tundra

A

W/O trees

15
Q

Boreal

A

‘Northern’ cold climate

16
Q

Coniferous

A

Trees that are cone bearing

17
Q

Hibernation

A

Animals passing all or part of the winter in a deep sleep

18
Q

Equatorial climate

A
  • one season, all year AV. 32°
  • rains every afternoon. Per annum = 2,000mm (very humid)
  • jungle+hardwood eg. Mahogany
  • exotic birds, snakes, monkeys, butterflies, wild cats
19
Q

Savanna climate

A
  • hot all year. AV. 25°-35°
  • 2 seasons - summer(wet)
    - winter (dry)
  • P/a rainfall 800mm
  • scattered trees+grassland
  • cattle, African mammals
20
Q

Hot dessert climate (Temperature/weather)

A
  • Large range of temp.- Day 30-50°
    - night 5°
  • Cloudless -long hours of sunshine
    - ‘winter of the dessert’
  • Rainfal rare >100mm a year
  • long drought-> sudden downpour
  • warm winds keep moisture-> no rain
  • cold water lets clouds rain, so by the time they get to the dessert the winds are dry! AY!
21
Q

Hot dessert climate (animals/vegetation)

A

Cactus- thick waxy skin, needles, holds moisture
Date palm- taproots-> grow deep for water
Joshua tree- juicy flesh hold water

Rattlesnakes- water from prey
Jackrabbit- long ears looses body heat
DesertFox- goes out at night

Camel-> stores fat

        - > closable nostrils
        - > thick lips for prickly plants
        - > long eyelashes
        - > wide hooves
22
Q

Cool Temperate Oceanic Climate

A
  • Ireland-ish-> summer =15-20°
    - > winter= 2-6°
  • rain all year. P/a 800-2,000mm
  • weather changes a lot
  • deciduous forest eg. Oak, ash, elm. most cut down for industry
23
Q

Warm Temperate Oceanic Cl

A

Seasons-> hot summer,30° (sun high, close to equator)
-> mild winters 4-6° (lots of sun hours, prevailing
Wind from Africa)
Rainfall. -> dry summer, trade winds from Africa bring no moisture
->winter, wind from Atlantic Ocean, rains heavily
Plantlife -> evergreen trees eg. Olive
L> absorbs moisture in the winter
L> thick bark +waxy leaves to stop moisture loss
-> heathers, herbs eg thyme, lavender,
->oranges, lemons, grapefruit, tomatoes
-> wheat, sunflowers, maize

24
Q

Climate

A

Average condition of the weather over a long periods of time (35 years ) across a large area

25
Q

Tundra

A

Temperature-summers, short and cool 5° average
-winter, long and cold, as far as -35°
-Large range
Precipitation- low,

26
Q

Boreal weather

A

Summer- long hours of daylight
-coast 10°
-inland 15°
-northern hemisphere pointed to sun. Land holds heat
Winters - cold, -25°
-hemisphere pointed away, short hours of light
Precipita-Less than 400mm
-snow
-boreal regions far from sea-> little moisture

27
Q

Boreal Climate Natural vegetation adaptions

A

Vegetation-Taiga (evergreen forest) with coniferous trees
L> keep needles(sloped down so snow falls off)
L> needles prevent moisture loss
L> shallow roots,spread horizontally,avoids permafrost
permafrost- when underground water freezes
L> bark retains moisture+ wind protection

28
Q

Boreal climate animals

A
  • mink, bear, wolf, eagle
  • spread out hooves as snowshoes
  • hibernation
  • migration
  • thick fur