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Flashcards in Chapter 5 Deck (40)
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1
Q

Syntax

A

How sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words.

2
Q

Linguistic expression

A

It is just a piece of language that has certain forms, certain meaning, and, most relevantly, some syntactic properties as well.

3
Q

Grammatical Language

A

When a string of words are does form a sentence of some language.

4
Q

Ungrammatical Language

A

If some string of words does not form a sentence.

5
Q

Grammatically Judgment

A

I s reflection of spear’s mental grammar, and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules.

6
Q

Relationship between syntax and semantics

A

Concerned with linguistic meaning. These two subject areas are not completely independent of one another.

7
Q

Sentence structure

A

In English, we often call the expression that usually occurs immediately to the left of the verb its subject, the one that occurs immediately to the right of the verb is the object.

8
Q

Principle of Compositionality

A

The fact that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meaning of the expressions it contains and on the way they are syntactically combined.

9
Q

Phrasal expressions

A

The consequences that different ways of syntactically combining them will have on the meaning of larger, multi-word.

10
Q

Lexical expressions

A

When you know a language, you can produce and understand an infinite number of sentences because you know the meaning.

11
Q

Syntactic properties

A

Expressions that determine their behavior.

12
Q

Word order

A

How are expressions allowed to be ordered with respect to one another.

13
Q

Two kinds of syntactic properties

A

One set of syntactic has to do the word order and set has to do with the co-occurrence of expressions.

14
Q

Co-occurrence

A

If some expressions occurs in a sentence, what other expressions can or must co-occur with it in that sentence.

15
Q

Topicalized sentences

A

Even in English, which has a fairly rigid word order, VSO word order can show up in ye or no quesions.

16
Q

Arguments

A

Many expressions have co-occurrence requirements

17
Q

Complements

A

Non-subject arguments.

18
Q

Adjuncts

A

While there has to be exactly the right number and type of arguments for each expression in a sentence, there are certain kinds of expressions whose occurrence in a sentence is purely optional.

19
Q

Modifiers

A

The adjective small modifies the meaning.

20
Q

Agreement

A

Expressions can have concerns the particular morphological form. Distinct expressions in a sentence may be required to have the same value for some grammatical feature, in which case we say that they agree with respect to the feature.

21
Q

Morphosyntax

A

For the reason, morphology and syntax are often seen as tightly related components of grammar and sometimes even considered and referred to joint.

22
Q

Syntactic constituent

A

Certain groups of expressions within a larger phrase can form a unit. The syntactic constituents of a phrasal expression are the smaller expressions out of which the phrase was constructed.

23
Q

Cleft

A

A kind of sentence in which some constituent is displaced.

24
Q

Syntactic categories

A

Either relying on your intuitive understanding of them or pointing out particular examples. More explicitly and technically.

25
Q

Syntactic distribution

A

You can substitute them for one another and still have a grammatical sentence.

26
Q

Sentence

A

Have an intuitive understanding of what a sentence is.

27
Q

Noun phrases

A

Abbreviated, consist of personal pronouns, propper names, and an other expressions that have the same distribution.

28
Q

Noun

A

a word used to identify any of a a class of people, places.

29
Q

Determiners

A

Understanding the syntactic properties of determiners will enable you to figure out which expression.

30
Q

adjective

A

A word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe.

31
Q

Verb phrase

A

the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.

32
Q

Intransitive verbs

A

verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die.

33
Q

Transitive verbs

A

Is a verb that can take a direct object. In other words, it is done to someone or something.

34
Q

Sentential complement verbs

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement.

35
Q

Adverb

A

a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause,.

36
Q

Preposition phrase

A

a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object.

37
Q

Preposition

A

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”

38
Q

Lexical entries

A

is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words

39
Q

Phrase structure rules

A

are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax, and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar.

40
Q

Phrase structure tree

A

We can conveniently display the way that a sentence is built up from lexical expression using phrase structure rules.