chapter 5

Question 1

construction and movement through the membrane

Answer 1

plasma membrane

Question 2

coupling and chemical reactions

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

catalysts and inhibiting

Answer 3

enzymes

Question 4

security gate for everything entering and exiting

Answer 4

PM

Question 5

edge of life

Answer 5

PM

Question 6

4 components of Pm

Answer 6

phospholipid bilayer
Cholesterol
proteins
glycocalyx

Question 7

interspersed throughout the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 7

cholesterol

Question 8

along inside and outside of Pm

Answer 8

proteins

Question 9

short carbohydrate on outside of PM

Answer 9

glycocalyx

Question 10

lubricate between cells and allow them to adhere when needed

Answer 10

glycocalx

Question 11

hydrophilic head faces

Answer 11

outside

Question 12

hydrohphobic tail faces

Answer 12

towards each other in center

Question 13

what does selectively permeable mean

Answer 13

only hydrophobic and small molecules can pass through

Question 14

acts to keep smaller molecules from passing

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

resists hot and cold temperatures

Answer 15

cholesterol

Question 16

2 types of proteins

Answer 16

integral and peripheral

Question 17

binds hydrophobic interior, can pop out on

Answer 17

integral proteins

Question 18

lie on either side of membrane

Answer 18

peripheral proteins

Question 19

functions of proteins

Answer 19

structural support
recognition
communication
transport

Question 20

no energy neeeded

Answer 20

passive transport

Question 21

drying out or flooding of cells due to osmotic pressure

Answer 21

osmotic imbalance

Question 22

prevention of water movement used by animals

Answer 22

osmoregulation

Question 23

solution has lower concentration of solutes than cell

Answer 23

hypotonic

Question 24

solution has higher concentration of solutes than the cell

Answer 24

hypertonic

Question 25

cell lyses and swells

Answer 25

hypotonic

Question 26

cell shrivels

Answer 26

hypertonic

Question 27

molecules must pass through a transport protein in PM

Answer 27

facilitated diffusion

Question 28

helps polar or charged molecules move through

Answer 28

facilitated diffusion

Question 29

water uses

Answer 29

aquaporin

Question 30

energy is needed to move across PM

Answer 30

active transport

Question 31

can move cell against concentration gradient

Answer 31

active transport

Question 32

move compounds across PM

Answer 32

chemical pumps

Question 33

used for nerve and muscle action

Answer 33

active transport

Question 34

movement of large molecules OUT of the cell through vesicles

Answer 34

exocytosis

Question 35

movement of large molecules IN to the cell by forming a vesicle with the PM

Answer 35

endocytosis

Question 36

fluids are taken in as vesicles

Answer 36

pinocytosis

Question 37

use of pseudopod to surround and engulf

Answer 37

phagocytosis

Question 38

used for digestion of old cells or invaders

Answer 38

phagocytosis

Question 39

form vacuoles

Answer 39

phagocytosis

Question 40

capacity to bring about movement against an opposing force

Answer 40

energy

Question 41

types of energy

Answer 41

potential and kinetic

Question 42

energy is stored

Answer 42

potential

Question 43

energy is in motion

Answer 43

kinetic

Question 44

produces heat-random movement

Answer 44

kinetic

Question 45

will energy reform once it is heat?

Answer 45

NO

Question 46

study of energy

Answer 46

thermodynamics

Question 47

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 47

energy is neither created nor destroyed

Question 48

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 48

energy transfer will always result in greater amount of disorder

Question 49

measure of the amount of disorder

Answer 49

entropy

Question 50

the greater the entropy

Answer 50

the greater the disorder

Question 51

reactants contain more energy than products

Answer 51

exergonic

Question 52

catabolic reaction (breaking)

Answer 52

exergonic

Question 53

starches break down into simple sugars

Answer 53

exergonic

Question 54

stored energy is released for the body

Answer 54

exergonic

Question 55

products contain more energy than reactants

Answer 55

endergonic

Question 56

anabolic reaction (building)

Answer 56

endergonic

Question 57

glucose from starches

Answer 57

endergonic

Question 58

uses energy

Answer 58

endergonic

Question 59

sum of all chemical reactions

Answer 59

metabolism

Question 60

series of chemical reactions working together to a common goal

Answer 60

metabolic pathway

Question 61

exergonic reactions

Answer 61

power endergonic reactions

Question 62

most important energy transfer molecule in living things

Answer 62

ATP

Question 63

energy comes from

Answer 63

phosphate groups

Question 64

negatively charged | repel each other

Answer 64

phosphates

Question 65

ATP production

Answer 65

phosphorylation

Question 66

phosphorylation is

Answer 66

dehydration/endergonic reaction

Question 67

2nd and 3rd phosphate groups seperate

Answer 67

energy is created (exergonic)

Question 68

hydrolysis to ADP and Pi

Answer 68

energy created

Question 69

what must be added to ADP to be used again

Answer 69

Pi

Question 70

takes a certain amount of energy to allow potential energy to be released

Answer 70

activation energy

Question 71

protein that accelerates a chemical reaction as catalysts

Answer 71

enzyme

Question 72

substance that an enzyme helps transform

Answer 72

substrate

Question 73

help substrates bind with active sites

Answer 73

cofactors

Question 74

organic cofactors

Answer 74

coenzymes

Question 75

many vitamins are

Answer 75

coenzymes

Question 76

inhibiting molecule binds to the active site/ stops reaction

Answer 76

competitive inhibition

Question 77

inhibiting molecule binds to another spot on the enzyme

Answer 77

non competitive inhibition

Question 78

active site then changes

Answer 78

non competitive inhibition