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Biology > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

construction and movement through the membrane

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

coupling and chemical reactions

A

energy

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3
Q

catalysts and inhibiting

A

enzymes

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4
Q

security gate for everything entering and exiting

A

PM

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5
Q

edge of life

A

PM

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6
Q

4 components of Pm

A

phospholipid bilayer
Cholesterol
proteins
glycocalyx

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7
Q

interspersed throughout the phospholipid bilayer

A

cholesterol

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8
Q

along inside and outside of Pm

A

proteins

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9
Q

short carbohydrate on outside of PM

A

glycocalyx

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10
Q

lubricate between cells and allow them to adhere when needed

A

glycocalx

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11
Q

hydrophilic head faces

A

outside

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12
Q

hydrohphobic tail faces

A

towards each other in center

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13
Q

what does selectively permeable mean

A

only hydrophobic and small molecules can pass through

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14
Q

acts to keep smaller molecules from passing

A

cholesterol

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15
Q

resists hot and cold temperatures

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

2 types of proteins

A

integral and peripheral

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17
Q

binds hydrophobic interior, can pop out on

A

integral proteins

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18
Q

lie on either side of membrane

A

peripheral proteins

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19
Q

functions of proteins

A

structural support
recognition
communication
transport

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20
Q

no energy neeeded

A

passive transport

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21
Q

drying out or flooding of cells due to osmotic pressure

A

osmotic imbalance

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22
Q

prevention of water movement used by animals

A

osmoregulation

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23
Q

solution has lower concentration of solutes than cell

A

hypotonic

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24
Q

solution has higher concentration of solutes than the cell

A

hypertonic

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25
Q

cell lyses and swells

A

hypotonic

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26
Q

cell shrivels

A

hypertonic

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27
Q

molecules must pass through a transport protein in PM

A

facilitated diffusion

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28
Q

helps polar or charged molecules move through

A

facilitated diffusion

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29
Q

water uses

A

aquaporin

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30
Q

energy is needed to move across PM

A

active transport

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31
Q

can move cell against concentration gradient

A

active transport

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32
Q

move compounds across PM

A

chemical pumps

33
Q

used for nerve and muscle action

A

active transport

34
Q

movement of large molecules OUT of the cell through vesicles

A

exocytosis

35
Q

movement of large molecules IN to the cell by forming a vesicle with the PM

A

endocytosis

36
Q

fluids are taken in as vesicles

A

pinocytosis

37
Q

use of pseudopod to surround and engulf

A

phagocytosis

38
Q

used for digestion of old cells or invaders

A

phagocytosis

39
Q

form vacuoles

A

phagocytosis

40
Q

capacity to bring about movement against an opposing force

A

energy

41
Q

types of energy

A

potential and kinetic

42
Q

energy is stored

A

potential

43
Q

energy is in motion

A

kinetic

44
Q

produces heat-random movement

A

kinetic

45
Q

will energy reform once it is heat?

A

NO

46
Q

study of energy

A

thermodynamics

47
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy is neither created nor destroyed

48
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

energy transfer will always result in greater amount of disorder

49
Q

measure of the amount of disorder

A

entropy

50
Q

the greater the entropy

A

the greater the disorder

51
Q

reactants contain more energy than products

A

exergonic

52
Q

catabolic reaction (breaking)

A

exergonic

53
Q

starches break down into simple sugars

A

exergonic

54
Q

stored energy is released for the body

A

exergonic

55
Q

products contain more energy than reactants

A

endergonic

56
Q

anabolic reaction (building)

A

endergonic

57
Q

glucose from starches

A

endergonic

58
Q

uses energy

A

endergonic

59
Q

sum of all chemical reactions

A

metabolism

60
Q

series of chemical reactions working together to a common goal

A

metabolic pathway

61
Q

exergonic reactions

A

power endergonic reactions

62
Q

most important energy transfer molecule in living things

A

ATP

63
Q

energy comes from

A

phosphate groups

64
Q

negatively charged

repel each other

A

phosphates

65
Q

ATP production

A

phosphorylation

66
Q

phosphorylation is

A

dehydration/endergonic reaction

67
Q

2nd and 3rd phosphate groups seperate

A

energy is created (exergonic)

68
Q

hydrolysis to ADP and Pi

A

energy created

69
Q

what must be added to ADP to be used again

A

Pi

70
Q

takes a certain amount of energy to allow potential energy to be released

A

activation energy

71
Q

protein that accelerates a chemical reaction as catalysts

A

enzyme

72
Q

substance that an enzyme helps transform

A

substrate

73
Q

help substrates bind with active sites

A

cofactors

74
Q

organic cofactors

A

coenzymes

75
Q

many vitamins are

A

coenzymes

76
Q

inhibiting molecule binds to the active site/ stops reaction

A

competitive inhibition

77
Q

inhibiting molecule binds to another spot on the enzyme

A

non competitive inhibition

78
Q

active site then changes

A

non competitive inhibition

Biology (24 decks)

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