Chapter 5 developing through the life span recogniton Flashcards

1
Q

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

A

developmental psychology

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2
Q

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of a rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.

A

zygote

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3
Q

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

A

embryo

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4
Q

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

A

fetus

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5
Q

(lit monster maker) agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

A

teratogens

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6
Q

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial disproportions.

A

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

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7
Q

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

A

habituation

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8
Q

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior ,relatively uninfluenced by experience.

A

maturation

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9
Q

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

A

cognition

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10
Q

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

A

schema

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11
Q

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

A

assimilation

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12
Q

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.

A

accommodation

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13
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

A

sensorimotor stage

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14
Q

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

A

object permanence

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15
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

A

egocentrism

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16
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

A

preoperational stage

17
Q

the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remains the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

A

conservation

18
Q

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental state – about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

A

theory of mind

19
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

A

concrete operation stage

20
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

A

formal operation stage

21
Q

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

A

stranger anxiety

22
Q

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

A

attachment

23
Q

an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.

A

critical period

24
Q

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.

A

imprinting

25
Q

according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

A

basic trust

26
Q

our understanding and evaluation of who we are.

A

Self-concept

27
Q

the transition from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

A

adolescence

28
Q

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

A

puberty

29
Q

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

A

primary sex characteristics

30
Q

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.

A

secondary sex characteristics

31
Q

the first menstrual period.

A

menarche

32
Q

our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidity a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.

A

identity

33
Q

the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group membership.

A

social identity

34
Q

in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

A

intimacy

35
Q

for some people in modern cultures, a period from late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence.

A

emerging adulthood

36
Q

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

A

menopause

37
Q

a study in which people of different ages are compared to one another

A

Cross-sectional study

38
Q

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.

A

longitudinal study

39
Q

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

A

social clock