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Therapeutic Massage, Beck > Chapter 5 System 8 Digestive and 9 Excretory > Flashcards

Chapter 5 System 8 Digestive and 9 Excretory Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Is the process in which the digested nutrients are transferred from the intestines to the blood or lymph vessels

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2
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Aka gastrointestinal or digestive tract

Consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine

A muscular tube that is 5x as long as a person is tall

Lips to anus

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3
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

Consists of the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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4
Q

Oral cavity

A

Or mouth, prepares food for entrance into the stomach

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5
Q

The main functions of the digestive system are ____ and ____.

A

Digestion and absorption

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6
Q

Saliva

A

Produced by the salivary glands in the mouth and contains enzymes that begin to digest carbohydrates

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7
Q

Masticated

A

Chewing food

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8
Q

Bolus

A

The action of the teeth, tongue, and saliva prepared the food into a soft ball

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9
Q

The wall of the alimentary canal consists of what four distant layers?

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscular layer

Serous layer

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10
Q

Mucosa

A

Innermost layer

Or mucous membrane, is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, and a variety of digestive glands.

This layer protects the underlying tissues and functions to carry on secretion and absorption

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11
Q

Submucosa

A

Second innermost layer

Consists of connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels that serve to nourish the surrounding tissue and carry away absorbed material

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12
Q

Muscular layer

A

3rd innermost layer

Has two layers of smooth muscles
One layer decreases the diameter
The other shortens the length

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13
Q

Serous layer

A

Outermost layer

On the stomach and intestines

This layer is continuous with the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity

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14
Q

Perstalsis

A

Is the wavelike muscular action of the alimentary canal

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Is the process of converting food into substances capable of being used by the cells for nourishment

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16
Q

Chyme

A

The mixture of digestive juices, mucus, and food material

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17
Q

Stomach

A

Where the bolus is churned with gastric juices secretes from glands in the wall of the stomach.

Hydrochloric acid
Protein digesting enzymes

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18
Q

Pyloric sphincter ***

A

Determines how long food is held in the stomach

voluntary muscle

19
Q

Small intestine

A

Is the longest part of the alimentary canal

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Thousands of glands in the walls produce intestinal juices

Also secretions of bile from the liver and pancreatic fluids

20
Q

Bile

A

A bitter, alkaline, yellowish-brown fluid

From the liver and gallbladder is carried through the common bile duct

Essential for the break down of fats

21
Q

Pancreatic fluid

A

Enters the duodenum by way of the pancreatic duct

Contains enzymes that act to digest proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

22
Q

Villi

A

The small intestine is lined with small, fingerlike projections covering the intestine wall

Greatly increase the surface area available for absorption

23
Q

Lacteals

A

Network of blood capillaries and lymph

24
Q

Cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct

A

Nutrients absorbed by the lymph flow through the cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct before entering the systemic circulation

25
Q

The functions of the colon

A

Storing, forming, and excreting waste products of digestion and regulating the body’s water balance

The bacterial action in the colon also synthesizes some B-complex vitamins and vitamin K, which is reabsorb we into the bloodstream

26
Q

Saliva

Salivary glands

A

Mouth

Enzymes; salivary, amylase

Begins digestion of starch into simple sugars

27
Q

Gastric juice

Stomach

A

Stomach wall

Pepsin

Begins digestion of protein into amino acids

28
Q

Pancreatic juice

Pancreas

A

Small intestine

Enzymes; Amylase, Trypsin,
Lipase

Starches, proteins, fats

29
Q

Juice from small intestine

A

Small intestine

Enzymes; lactase, maltase, sucrase

Breaks down complex carbohydrates to simple sugars

30
Q

Bile from liver

A

Small intestine

No enzymes

Breaks down fats into fatty acids

31
Q

The path food travels

A 
Mouth (bolus)- 
esophagus- 
cardiac sphincter-
stomach (chyme)- 
pyloric sphincter- 
duodenum- jejunum- ileum- 
iliocecal valve- 
cecum- 
ascending colon- 
transverse colon- 
descending colon- 
sigmoid colon- 
rectum- 
anal canal- 
anus
32
Q

Metabolic waste

A

Are products formed from cell metabolism

33
Q

The function of the excretory system (including the urinary system)

A

Is to eliminate or excrete metabolic wastes and undigested food from the body

34
Q

The organs of the excretory system are

A

The kidneys, liver, skin,

large intestine, and lungs

35
Q

Kidneys

A

Excrete uric acid, urea, electrolytes, water, and other wastes through the process of urination

Beaned shaped organs

Blood filtration

maintain the body’s water balance and acid-base balance

production of the hormone Renin

36
Q

Liver

A

Produces urea, which is returned to the blood to be excreted by the kidneys

Also discharges bile through the gallbladder and into the intestine

one of the largest organs of the digestive track

neutralizes or detoxifies toxic substances

stores vitamins A, B, B12, and glycogen

main excretory function is in the form of urea

37
Q

Skin

A

Eliminates water and heat through the process of perspiration

38
Q

Large intestine

A

Discharges food wastes through the process of defecation

39
Q

Lungs

A

Exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor through external respiration

40
Q

The urinary system includes

A

2 kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and a urethra

41
Q

Nephron

A

Is the functional unit of the kidney

2-3 million nephrons in the kidney

Filters 40-50 gallons of blood

99% of the fluid is reabsorbed into the bloodstream

42
Q

Ureters

A

Are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

43
Q

Bladder

A

Where the urine is stored

A hollow organ that is an involuntary muscles

Can hold a pint of urine

44
Q

Renin

A

a hormone produced by the kidney

acts to regulate the blood pressure

Therapeutic Massage, Beck (13 decks)

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