Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 0

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Answer 0

Perception

Question 1

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works way up to the brains integration of sensory information

Answer 2

Bottom-up processing

Question 3

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

Answer 3

Top-down processing

Question 4

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity and out psychological experience of them

Answer 4

Psychophysics

Question 5

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

Answer 5

Absolute threshold

Question 6

A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of fain stimulus amid background stimulation assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on persons experience expectations motivation and level of fatigue

Answer 6

Signal detection theory

Question 7

Below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Answer 7

Subliminal

Question 8

The activation often unconsciously of certain associations thus predisposing ones perceptions memory or response

Answer 8

Priming

Question 9

The minimum difference between toe stimuli required for detection 50’percent of the time we experience the divergence threshold as a just noticeable difference

Answer 9

Difference threshold

Question 10

The principle that to be perceived as different two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

Answer 10

Webers law

Question 11

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Answer 11

Sensory adaptation

Question 12

Conversion of one form of energy into another in sensation the transforming of stimulus energies such as sights sounds and smells into neural impulses in our brain

Answer 12

Transduction

Question 13

The distance from the break do one light or sound wavs to the peak of the next

Answer 13

Wavelength

Question 14

The dimension of color that is determined by wavelength of light

Answer 14

Hue

Question 15

The amount of energy in a light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness

Answer 15

Intensity

Question 16

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Answer 16

Pupil

Question 17

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

Answer 17

Iris

Question 18

Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on retina

Answer 18

Lens

Question 19

Process by which the eyes lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on retina

Answer 19

Accommodation

Question 20

Light sensitive inner surface of the eye contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Answer 20

Retina

Question 21

Sharpness of vision

Answer 21

Acuity

Question 22

Condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant because distant objects focus in front of the retina

Answer 22

Nearsightedness

Question 23

Condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near because the image near objects is focused behind the retina

Answer 23

Farsightedness

Question 24

Retinal receptors that direct black white and gray necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when it cones don't respond

Answer 24

Rods

Question 25

Retinal receptor tells the that are concentrated near the center if the retinal and function in daytime and weep lit conditions detect fine details and give rise to color and sensation

Answer 25

Cones

Question 26

Nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Answer 26

Optic nerve

Question 27

Point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

Answer 27

Blind spot

Question 28

The central focal point in the retina around which the eyes cones cluster

Answer 28

Fovea

Question 29

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features if the stimulus

Answer 29

Feature detection

Question 30

Processing of several aspects of problem simultaneously brain natural mode if the processing for many functions

Answer 30

Parallel processing

Question 31

Theory that the retina contains three different color receptors which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color

Answer 31

Young helmholtz trichromatic theory

Question 32

Theory that opposing retina processes enable color vision

Answer 32

Opponent process theory

Question 33

Color will remain roughly contrast as lighting and wave length sift

Answer 33

Color constancy

Question 34

The sense or act of hearing

Answer 34

Audition

Question 35

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Answer 35

Frequency

Question 36

A tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Answer 36

Pitch

Question 37

The chamber between eardrums and cochlea contains three tiny bones the concentrate the vibration of eardrum on cochlea's oval window

Answer 37

Middle ear

Question 38

Coiled bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Answer 38

Cochlea

Question 39

The innermost ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

Answer 39

Inner ear

Question 40

In hearing the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place the cochlea's membrane is stimulated

Answer 40

Place theory

Question 41

In hearing the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of tone thus enabling us to sense pitch

Answer 41

Frequency theory

Question 42

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

Answer 42

Conduction hearing loss

Question 43

Pleading loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to auditory nerves

Answer 43

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 44

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Answer 44

Cochlear implant

Question 45

Theory that spinal cord contains neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to lads on to the brain

Answer 45

Gate control theory

Question 46

The principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences it's taste

Answer 46

Sensory interaction

Question 47

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Answer 47

Kinesthesis

Question 48

The sense of body movement and position including the sense of balance

Answer 48

Vestibular sense