Chapter 6

Question 1

Clostridium tetani releases an exotoxin that is preferential absorbed by the alpha motor neuron and delivered into the ventral nervous system. What is the cause of injury to the neuron cell

Answer 1

Infectious agent

Question 2

What happens when the immune system is compromised or if the number of invading microorganisms overwhelm the immune system

Answer 2

Disease occurs

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is generally not thought to be caused by free radicals

Answer 3

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 4

What is the correct term for protein malnutrition

Answer 4

Kwashiorkor

Question 5

During acute reversible cell injury, the concentrations of which two elements are increased

Answer 5

Sodium and calcium

Question 6

Which of the following is a change in cell morphology and function resulting from the conversion of one adult cell type into another?

Answer 6

Metaplasia

Question 7

Pure hypertrophy occurs only where in the body ?

Answer 7

Heart and striated muscles

Question 8

Hypertrophy of what chamber of the heart is a typical complication ?

Answer 8

Left ventricle

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding necrosis of cells is true

Answer 9

Cell size increase

Question 10

The hallmark of chronic inflammation in a tissue is the accumulation

Answer 10

Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells

Question 11

What type of inflammation exudate is bright red or bloody and signals the presence of red blood cells

Answer 11

Sangineous

Question 12

What is the first step in the migration of leukocytes from the vasculature to the interstitial tissue

Answer 12

Binding of leukocytes to receptors on endothelial cells of venules

Question 13

What is the Approximate life cycle of a neutrophil after extrusion from the circulation

Answer 13

24 hrs

Question 14

Which of the following cells store and release histamine

Answer 14

Mast cells

Question 15

What is secreted by fribroblasts early during the tissue repair action

Answer 15

Proteoglycans

Question 16

What type of collagen is the predominant component of growth plates in bones ?

Answer 16

Type II

Question 17

What is true in phases of healing ?

Answer 17

Hemostasis and degeneration->inflammation->proliferation and migration-> remodeling and maturation

Question 18

Which of the following about cell injury is true ?

Answer 18

Apoptosis is a programed cell death

Question 19

Which of the following is the least appropriate for a PT to do during a patients healing process?

Answer 19

Suppress inflammatory process as soon as possible

Question 20

What is the primary indication of prednisone

Answer 20

Anti-inflammatory

Question 21

What is the drug class for celecoxib

Answer 21

Cyclooxygenase type 2 (Cox-2) inhibitors

Question 22

Which of the following factors would affect tissue healing ?

Answer 22

Vascular sufficiency
Caffeine
Immobility

Question 23

The time for overall bone healing varies depending on

Answer 23

The bone involved and degree of soft tissue injury
Treatment required
The fracture site and type

Question 24

Which of the following is true for tendon Injury and healing ?

Answer 24

Hemostasis beings immediately followed by the inflammatory process which begins during the first 72 hrs (3-5 days) after injury or surgical intervention

Question 25

A 45 yr old patient presents with redness swelling and pain in her right knee following an injury. Laboratory test reveal elevelated levels of prostaglandin in the affected area. Based on these findings which of the following is the most likely effect of prostaglandin in the context of this patients acute inflammation ?

Answer 25

Pain and fever alone with modulation of vascular permeability

Question 26

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the steps in leukocytes accumulation during an inflammatory response

Answer 26

Margination->adhesion->diapedesis->chemotaxis

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the role diapedesis in the inflammatory response

Answer 27

Diapedesis is the active migration of leukocytes out of the blood vessels and into the interstitial tissues enabling them to reach the site of injury

Question 28

Which of the following chemical mediators is primarily responsible for inc. Vascular permeability and causing vasodialation during and acute inflammatory response

Answer 28

Histamine

Question 29

Which statement best describes the role of fibronectin in tissue healing

Answer 29

It provides a scaffold tensile strength and helps glue other substances and cells together

Question 30

Which collagen type is first deposited during wound healing contributes of the elasticity of skin and blood vessels and is eventually replaced by Type I collagen as healing process

Answer 30

Type III

Question 31

A 65 year old patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents to the PT clinic with non healing pressure ulcers on their sacrum. How should these comorbid conditions be managed to optimize the healing process of the pressure ulcer?

Answer 31

Address glycemic control through consultation with the patients endocrinologist and improve oxygenation by managing COPD symptoms alongside regular wound care

Question 32

Which of the following conditions is likely to experience delayed healing due to its decreased blood supply

Answer 32

Achilles tendon tear

Question 33

What roles do myofibroblasts play during the remodeling and maturation phase of tissue healing

Answer 33

They contribute to tissue contraction by containing contractility proteins that help shrink the healing tissue

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of labile cells in the human body, known for their continuous division and high turnover rate?

Answer 34

Epithelial cells of the skin

Question 35

Which of the following statements about lung tissue repair after injury

Answer 35

After lethal Injury to alveolar cells regeneration can occur only when the basement membrane remains intact

Question 36

Which of the following statements about peripheral nerves Injury and repair is true

Answer 36

Within 24 hrs of nerve section new axonal sports from the central stump are observed

Question 37

A 60 yr old patient presents with a fractured femur after a fall. X ray shot a soft callus formation around the fracture site. Based on the typically phases of bone healing what is the most accurate description of the phase the patient is currently in ?

Answer 37

The patient is in the reperative phase as evidenced by the formation of a soft callus. Which will eventually be replaced by the hard callus

Question 38

A 23 yr old female athlete presents with a diagnosis of tendinopathy in the Achilles tendon. The condition is characterized by pain and pathological changes in the tendon for more than one year. Which of the following statements accurately describes the type of tendinopathy and its underlying mechanism

Answer 38

The condition is tendinosis, characterized by a degeneration process with a little or no inflammation but histopathologic changes in the collagen matrix