Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the largest organ in the body?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

What is the epidermis?

Answer 2

keratinized straitified squamous epithelium

Question 3

What is the dermis?

Answer 3

connective tissue layer

Question 4

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 4

Fat layer

Question 5

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

Answer 5

Resistance to trauma, barrier to ultraviolet, vitamin d synthesis, sensory receptors, thermoreceptors, nonverbal communication

Question 6

What are stem cells?

Answer 6

cells in deepest layer

Question 7

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 7

most skin cells

Question 8

What are melanocytes?

Answer 8

Shield UV

Question 9

What are tactile/merkel cells?

Answer 9

nerve cells

Question 10

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 10

guard against pathogens

Question 11

What is the single layer of cells on the basement membrane?

Answer 11

stratum basale

Question 12

What is the stratum spinosum?

Answer 12

layers of keratinocytes

Question 13

What is the stratum granulosum?

Answer 13

3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes

Question 14

What is the stratum lucidum?

Answer 14

translucent zone in thick skin

Question 15

What is th stratum corneum?

Answer 15

up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells

Question 16

What is the life cycle of keratinocytes? (4)

Answer 16

1. produced by stem cells
2. new cells push older towards surface
3. cells fill with keratin
4. cells die

Question 17

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 17

Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers, and fibroblasts

Question 18

What is the dermal papillae?

Answer 18

extensions of dermis into epidermis

Question 19

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 19

papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 20

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

Answer 20

They hypodermis

Question 21

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 21

Red pigment of red blood cells

Question 22

What is carotene?

Answer 22

yellow pigment

Question 23

What is melanin?

Answer 23

brown pigment

Question 24

What is cyanosis?

Answer 24

blue color from lack of oxygen

Question 25

what is erythema?

Answer 25

redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels

Question 26

What is jaundice?

Answer 26

yellowing of skin due to excess bilirubin in blood

Question 27

What is bronzing?

Answer 27

golden-brown color skin

Question 28

what is pallor?

Answer 28

pale skin from lack of blood flow

Question 29

what is albinism?

Answer 29

genetic lack of melanin

Question 30

what is a hematoma?

Answer 30

a bruise

Question 31

What are freckles and moles composed of?

Answer 31

excessive melanocytes

Question 32

What are flexion creases?

Answer 32

creases in skin by repeated closing of hand

Question 33

what are flexion lines?

Answer 33

form in wrist and elbow areas

Question 34

what is hair composed of?

Answer 34

hard keratin

Question 35

what are the 3 different hair types?

Answer 35

lanugo, vellus, and terminal

Question 36

What is the hair shaft?

Answer 36

above the skin

Question 37

what is the hair follicle?

Answer 37

oblique tube within the skin

Question 38

What are the 3 stages of the hair cycle?

Answer 38

anagen (growth) catagen (shrinking) telogen (resting)

Question 39

What is the term for thinning or baldness?

Answer 39

alopecia

Question 40

What is hirsutism?

Answer 40

excessive hair growth

Question 41

What are guard hairs?

Answer 41

prevent foreign objects from getting into nose, eyes, or ears

Question 42

What are merocrine glands?

Answer 42

simple tubular gland

Question 43

what are apocrine glands?

Answer 43

produce sweat

Question 44

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 44

oily secretion glands

Question 45

What are ceruminous glands?

Answer 45

only in external ear canal

Question 46

What are mammary glands?

Answer 46

found only during lactation and pregnancy

Question 47

What is polythelia?

Answer 47

additional nipples

Question 48

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 48

least dangerous skin cancer

Question 49

what is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 49

medium dangerous skin cancer

Question 50

What is malignant melanoma?

Answer 50

most deadly skin cancer

Question 51

What does 1st degree burn?

Answer 51

only epidermis

Question 52

What does 2nd degree burn?

Answer 52

epidermis and some dermis

Question 53

What does 3rd degree burn?

Answer 53

epidermis and dermis

Question 54

What is an autograft?

Answer 54

tissue from person needing graft

Question 55

what is an isograft?

Answer 55

tissue from identical twin

Question 56

what is a homograft?

Answer 56

tissue from unrelated person

Question 57

what is a heterograft?

Answer 57

tissue from another species, mostly pig