What are the physiographic regions of the US and Canada?
The Interior Lowlands and Great Plains
Subsistence agriculture
A form of organizing food production such that a group (household, village, society) secures food sufficient for its own reproduction over time. Production for use.
Commercial agriculture
A form of organizing large-scale food production around markets and market exchange, primarily intended for distribution to wholesalers and retail outlets rather than individuals. Production for exchange.
Green Revolution
- a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide
- Plant breeding to guide and control genetic makeup and produce “high yield varieties”
- Development or inexpensive nitrogen fertilizer
- water/irrigation technologies
Great Migration
- the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970
- Until 1910, more than 90 percent of the African-American population lived in the American South
- There were factors that pulled migrants to the north, such as labor shortages in northern factories brought about by World War I, resulting in thousands of jobs in steel mills, railroads, meatpacking plants, and the automobile industry
Outcomes of Jobs from the Green Revolution
- Tremendous Productivity and Surplus Food
- Increased industrialization and mechanization of farming and decreasing agricultural populations
- Lack of diversity (for jobs)– agricultural population is dropping because machines are replacing their jobs
- great migration
Outcomes of Produce in Green Revolution and what was created
- Overproduction of grain → subsidies
- monocultures (in the US its corn) → vulnerable to disease and invasive species
- GMO seeds and pesticides created to resist what would happen in a monoculture
- GMO and pesticides flood the market and farmers are usually pressured to use them
Outcomes of Green Revolution on cultural view of food
- “De-spatialization” of food
- Less awareness about where our food comes from
- Not eating on a seasonal diet
Outcomes of Green Revolution on Economy of Farms
- Surplus of food= cheaper food but companies are not making enough money
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
- Federal Subsidy that revitalized the market
- US government independant paid farmers to destroy their own crops/not farm as much to keep prices competitive
- Affects sharecroppers (one generation or two removed from slavery– they are tied to the land)
Timeline of Urbanization in 20th Century US
- Federally subsidized suburbanization 1930s’1950s
- “Urban Crisis” 1960s
- De-industrializing cities→ industries
Federally subsidized suburbanization
- Encouraging people to move to the suburbs (mostly veterans, these places were seen as a resettlement program)
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
and redlining
- institutions that encouraged suburbanization, but contributed to the unfair treatment of black people because they did not loan to african americans
FHA Insurance Map
- Black families in neighborhoods seen as a danger to housing prices
- White people pushed that black people didn’t pay off their loans
- Increased racial segregation
- Perpetuates the cycle of urban disinvestment
- black people would move into more urbanized areas which raised alarm among white people because it was a place where people didn’t pay back loans→ no cause to make urban environments better
HOLC Map of Brooklyn
- Banks profited from both ends of redlining
- Sell mortgages to middle class people and receive subsidies
- Charged high interest rates to black residents that they did lend to
How did the physiography influence the economy?
- Increased production due to an abundance of fertile soil (cotton production) and increase production through the green revolution (benefits of biotech)
- Too much of a good thing does decrease value though, so there is a decrease in production
The Interior Lowlands and Great Plains
What are the physiographic regions of the US and Canada?
A form of organizing food production such that a group (household, village, society) secures food sufficient for its own reproduction over time. Production for use.
Subsistence agriculture
A form of organizing large-scale food production around markets and market exchange, primarily intended for distribution to wholesalers and retail outlets rather than individuals. Production for exchange.
Commercial agriculture
- a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide
- Plant breeding to guide and control genetic makeup and produce “high yield varieties”
- Development or inexpensive nitrogen fertilizer
- water/irrigation technologies
Green Revolution
- the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970
- Until 1910, more than 90 percent of the African-American population lived in the American South
- There were factors that pulled migrants to the north, such as labor shortages in northern factories brought about by World War I, resulting in thousands of jobs in steel mills, railroads, meatpacking plants, and the automobile industry
Great Migration
- Tremendous Productivity and Surplus Food
- Increased industrialization and mechanization of farming and decreasing agricultural populations
- Lack of diversity (for jobs)– agricultural population is dropping because machines are replacing their jobs
- great migration
Outcomes of Jobs from the Green Revolution
- Overproduction of grain → subsidies
- monocultures (in the US its corn) → vulnerable to disease and invasive species
- GMO seeds and pesticides created to resist what would happen in a monoculture
- GMO and pesticides flood the market and farmers are usually pressured to use them
Outcomes of Produce in Green Revolution and what was created
- “De-spatialization” of food
- Less awareness about where our food comes from
- Not eating on a seasonal diet
Outcomes of Green Revolution on cultural view of food
- Surplus of food= cheaper food but companies are not making enough money
Outcomes of Green Revolution on Economy of Farms
- Federal Subsidy that revitalized the market
- US government independant paid farmers to destroy their own crops/not farm as much to keep prices competitive
- Affects sharecroppers (one generation or two removed from slavery– they are tied to the land)
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
- Federally subsidized suburbanization 1930s’1950s
- “Urban Crisis” 1960s
- De-industrializing cities→ industries
Timeline of Urbanization in 20th Century US
- Encouraging people to move to the suburbs (mostly veterans, these places were seen as a resettlement program)
Federally subsidized suburbanization
- institutions that encouraged suburbanization, but contributed to the unfair treatment of black people because they did not loan to african americans
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
and redlining
- Black families in neighborhoods seen as a danger to housing prices
- White people pushed that black people didn’t pay off their loans
- Increased racial segregation
- Perpetuates the cycle of urban disinvestment
- black people would move into more urbanized areas which raised alarm among white people because it was a place where people didn’t pay back loans→ no cause to make urban environments better
FHA Insurance Map
- Banks profited from both ends of redlining
- Sell mortgages to middle class people and receive subsidies
- Charged high interest rates to black residents that they did lend to
HOLC Map of Brooklyn
- Increased production due to an abundance of fertile soil (cotton production) and increase production through the green revolution (benefits of biotech)
- Too much of a good thing does decrease value though, so there is a decrease in production
How did the physiography influence the economy?