Chapter 6

Question 1

As the police agencies matured, four generally accepted accounting practices became enshrined as the key measure to evaluate police performance. These include: (4)

Answer 1

1. reported crime rates
2. overall arrests
3. clearance rates
4. response time

Question 2

Even when the police are notified of crimes, these flaws in the reporting system make the rates suspect.

Answer 2

1. changes in reporting procedures
2. complications
3. manipulations

Question 3

Sensational media reporting and an attempt by political leaders to appease a fearful public have created new crimes. What “new” crimes have they created?

Answer 3

1. stalking

2. carjacking

Question 4

Three times when police action can influence crime:

Answer 4

1. police can prevent crime from happening
2. intervention during the crime
3. efforts after the crime can solve it

Question 5

Four things that are designed to compliment the use of motor patrol as the primary tactics in the traditional police model of fighting crime.

Answer 5

1. special units
2. high-tech gadgets
3. sophisticated lab analysis
4. investigative follow-up

Question 6

Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study

Victimization studies showed the proactive approach made no discernible impact on the number of: (5-crimes)-the kind of crime considered to be most susceptible to deterrence through preventive motor patrol.

Answer 6

1. burglaries
2. auto thefts
3. larcenies involving auto accessories
4. robberies
5. vandalism

Question 7

The Kansas City study showed that response time was unrelated to the probability of making an arrest or locating a witness for serious crime. Success or failure depended less on how fast the officer arrived more on:

Answer 7

How quickly the citizen reported the crime

Question 8

A national study of response times showed that approximately ______% of serious crimes were cold when the citizens notified the police.

Answer 8

75%

Question 9

Citizen delays in calling the police are attributable to: (6)

Answer 9

1. apathy
2. skepticism about the police’s ability to do anything, and
3. citizens notifying other persons before calling the police
4. Shame over victimization
5. Trauma following a victimization
6. fear of the police

Question 10

It seems citizens wait this long before calling the police in about one-half of the serious crimes that are reported.

Answer 10

at least 5 minutes

Question 11

Research confirms that rapid response let to response-related arrest for Part 1 crimes in only ________% of calls.

Answer 11

3%

Question 12

This study of the criminal investigation process cast serious doubt on one of the basic planks in the traditional crime control model.

Answer 12

Rand Study

Question 13

Rand Study

On investigative effectiveness: Differences in investigative training, staffing, workload, and procedures appear to have no appreciable effect on: (3)

Answer 13

1. crime
2. arrest
3. clearance rates

Question 14

Rand Study

On the use of investigator’s time: What amount of all serious reported crimes receive no more that superficial attention from investigators.

Answer 14

Substantially more than one-half

Question 15

An investigator’s time is largely consumed on these activities on cases that experience shows will not be solved. What is there time spent on?

Answer 15

1. reviewing reports
2. documenting files
3. attempting to locate and interview victims

Question 16

Rand Study

The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is:

Answer 16

The information the victim supplies to the immediately responding patrol officer.

Question 17

Rand Study

Of those cases that are ultimately cleared but in which the perpetrator is not identifiable at the time of the initial report, almost all are cleared as a result of:

Answer 17

Routine police procedures

(additional information obtained while investigating other cases, a fortuitous results of traffic stops and field interviews)

Question 18

Rand Study

Most police departments collect more of this than can be productively processed.

Answer 18

Physical evidence

Question 19

Rand Study

On the use of physical evidence the Rand Study revealed that these rarely provide the only basis for identifying a suspect.

Answer 19

Latent fingerprints

Question 20

Eck, upon attempting to refine our understanding of the investigative process, concluded that there were three categories of cases facing investigators:

Answer 20

1. weak cases that could not be solved with considerable effort (unsolvable cases)
2. case with moderate levels of evidence that can be solved with considerable effort (solvable)
3. cases with strong evidence that can be solved with minimum effort (solves cases)
   NOTE: Eck concluded that detectives should be assigned to “solvable cases”.

Question 21

What percent of the cases of known murders , the victim knew or was related to the killer?

Answer 21

In more than 50%

Question 22

The Minneapolis Domestic Experiment showed that this was the most effective standard method the police use to reduce domestic violence.

Answer 22

Arrest

Question 23

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment

Research showed that when police arrest the suspect, the incidence of repeat violence over the next 6 months was only (1) ______%, compared to (2) ______% for advising, and (3) ______% when the suspect was sent away.

Answer 23

1. 10% (arrest)
2. 19% (advise)
3. 24% (send away)

Question 24

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment

One striking finding was that many suspects and victims alike were unemployed. What ratio of suspects and victims were unemployed?

Answer 24

roughly 6 out of 10

Question 25

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment

What percent of suspects were the unmarried male lover of the victim; and what percent were the victim;s husband.

Answer 25

45% (malle lover)

35% (husband)

Question 26

Subsequent studies, which replicated the Minneapolis experiment, were conducted using similar research designs, had dramatically different results: making an arrested not result in fewer subsequent incidents of assault What other cities conducted this experiment?

Answer 26

Omaha, Charlotte, and Milwaukee

Question 27

Community policing goes beyond reducing calls for service and handling disorders by: (2)

Answer 27

1. broadening the police mandte beyond a narrow focus on crime
2. restructuring the department to carry out this expanded mission more effectively

Question 28

What contributes to decreasing crime?

Answer 28

1. community engagement
2. targeted initiatives
3. strategic use of resources, and
4. data driven decision-makng

Question 29

What are key initiatives that a department can use to pave the way for foot patrols to succeed:

Answer 29

1. Determine the date, time, and location of service calls by type and create representative maps to aid in efficient and effective deployment.
2. Complement statistical analysis with a community survey to obtain the opinions of residents and business owners regarding priority issues.
3. Invite the community to participate in planning sessions.
4. Recruit a range of individuals (both officers and civilians) to use various models of patrol, demonstrating that old police and civilians can address public expectations through a variety of approaches such as volunteer efforts with neighborhood watch programs and crime prevention programming.

Question 30

A foot patrol strategy needs to consider the following:

Answer 30

1. assignment of foot patrol locations,
2. available staffing,
3. resources,
4. size of the beats,
5. selection of officers to beats, and
6. safety of the officers

Question 31

The significant obstacles to foot patrols have been:

Answer 31

1. the dwindling numbers of officers
   and
2. increase in the coverage area for which they are responsible