Chapter 6: nucleic acids and protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

what are nucleotides made up of?

A
  • nitrogen-containing base
  • pentose sugar
  • phosphate group
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2
Q

name the two purine bases

A

adenine

guanine

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3
Q

name the three pyrimidine bases

A

thymine
uracil
cytosin

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4
Q

what three things make up the structure of a molecule of ATP?

A

adenine
ribose
three phosphate groups

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5
Q

how are polynucleotides arranged?

A

-covalent bonds link the 5’-carbon and 3’-carbon of sugar molecules together

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6
Q

how are the two polypeptide bonds held together?

A

with hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

DNA has a … structure

A

double helix

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8
Q

RNA has a … structure

A

single strand

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9
Q

what is the name for the process in which a DNA molecule is copied?

A

semi-conservative replication

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10
Q

during DNA replication, what activates the free nucleotides?

A

the two extra phosphate groups

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11
Q

during DNA replication, how are the new nucleotides linked together?

A

using covalent bonds

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12
Q

what is a gene?

A

a sequence of nucleotides that forms part of a DNA molecule

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13
Q

what is a gene mutation?

A

a change in the sequence of nucleotides that may result in an altered polypeptide

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14
Q

during transcription, what bonds the sugar phosphate groups together?

A

RNA polymerase

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15
Q

what is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

A

it bonds together the sugar-phosphate groups of RNA nucleotides during transcription

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16
Q

describe the structure of a tRNA molecule

A

one end has a site where an amino acid can bind to

the other end has 3 unpaired bases

17
Q

what is always the first codon that is translated?

A

AUG (complementary anticodon from the tRNA is therefore always UAC)

18
Q

what bond is formed between two amino acids?

A

a peptide bond

19
Q

which enzyme catalyses the formation of a peptide bond?

A

peptidl transferase

20
Q

name the three stop codons

A

UAA, UAC and UGA

21
Q

where does the mRNA bind to on the ribosome

A

the small subunit

22
Q

what is mRNA involved with?

A

translation