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BMSC 220 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Do cells interact with the extracellular environment?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is the glycolyx?

A

Carbohydrate projections on outer surface of the plasma membrane

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3
Q

Roles of the glycolyx?

A
  • mediator of cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions
  • mechanical projection
  • barrier to molecular movement toward plasma membrane
  • regulatory factor binding site
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4
Q

ECM protein texture:

A

Fibrous

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5
Q

What is the best to find extra cellular matrices?

A

The basement membrane

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6
Q

What does the basement membrane surround?

A

Muscles, nerves, and fat cells 

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7
Q

What are collagens?

A

A family of fibrous glycol proteins known for their high tensile strength the function exclusively as part of the extra cellular matrix

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8
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

A

Collagen

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9
Q

A collagen molecule is made up of what?

A

Triple helix of three helical alpha chains, known as trimers

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10
Q

What is collagen produced by?

A

Fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and epithelial cells 

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11
Q

What is the corneal stroma?

A

Layers of collagen fibres of uniform diameter and spacing arranged at right angles

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12
Q

Define: Proteoglycans

A

Protein – polysaccharide complex, with a core protein attached to glycosaminoglycans

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13
Q

Where are proteoglycans common?

A

In basement membranes and cartilage

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14
Q

What is fibronectin?

A

It binds to cell receptors to attach cell to the ECM, used for cell adhesion and shape determination

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15
Q

What is laminin?

A

It can influence the cells potential for migration, growth, and differentiation. Role in development of neuronal outgrowth

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16
Q

What are integrins?

A

Family of membrane proteins unique to animals, in cells not the ECM

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17
Q

What are integrins composed of?

A

Two membrane spanning polypeptide chains, an alpha and a beta chain

18
Q

Changes in integrins are driven by what?

A

Divalent metal ions

19
Q

What are the two major activities of integrins?

A
  1. Adhesion of cells to ECM or two other cells
  2. Transmission of signals between external environment and cell interior
20
Q

Intracellularly, integrins binds to what?

A

Ligands like talin (Inside out signalling)

21
Q

What are outside in signals?

A

Different integrins find different ECM components, can induce confirmational change in Talin

22
Q

What is the function of outside in signals?

A

Can influence cell differentiation, motility, growth, and cell survival

23
Q

What is focal adhesion?

A

Cultured cells are anchored to surface of the dish only at scattered, discrete sites

24
Q

Focal adhesion function:

A

Play a key role in cell and heating and locomotion

25
Q

What kind of structures are focal adhesions?

A

Dynamic structures

26
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

Sell to ECM attachment in vivo, scene at basil surface of epithelial cells, anchored to underlying basement membrane

27
Q

How are keratin filaments linked to ECM?

A

By integrins

28
Q

What is cell to cell adhesion mediated by?

A
  • Selectins
  • Members of IGSF (Immunoglobin super family)
  • Members of integrin family
  • Cadherins
29
Q

What are selectins?

A

A family of membrane glycol proteins that bind to specific oligoaccharides

30
Q

Selectin structure

A

Small cytoplasmic segment, a single membrane spanning domain, and large extra cellular

31
Q

What are selectins present on?

A

Platelets, and Endothelial cells, leukocytes

32
Q

Selects signal what?

A

Cell growth, migration, differentiation, and survival

33
Q

What are cadherins?

A

Glycoprotein family member, typically join cells of similar type to one another

34
Q

Where are cadherins found?

A

Adheren junctions and desmosomes

35
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

Occur between neighbouring epithelial cells and seals extra cellular space

36
Q

What is the function of tight junctions?

A

Prevents solute distribution where different soluble concentrations are in adjacent compartments

37
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Sites between animal cells that are specialized for intercellular communication

38
Q

Do plasma membranes make a direct contact at the gap junction?

A

No

39
Q

What are gap junctions composed of?

A

Several integral membrane proteins and organized into multi subunit complexes

40
Q

What is a major role of cell to cell adhesion in humans?

A

Inflammation

BMSC 220 (13 decks)

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