Chapter 7

Question 1

Repeated use of a neuronal pathway that may strengthen or reduce synaptic transmission is termed
EPSP
spatial summation
synaptic plasticity
temporal summation

Answer 1

synaptic plasticity

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: A patient with Parkinson disease will have difficulty initiating skeletal muscle movements because the nigrostriatal dopamine system, degenerated in Parkinson disease, is part of the primary motor cortex.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

Muscarinic ACh receptors act through ________ activation of K+ channels.
M-protein
cGMP
ATP
G-protein

Answer 3

G-protein

Question 4

From which amino acid are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine all derived?
Tryptophan
Serine
Tyrosine
Histidine

Answer 4

Tyrosine

Question 5

Choose the statement that correctly describes the structure or function of dendrites.
Transmit action potentials away from the cell body
Release neurotransmitters to initiate graded potentials in adjacent cells
Are thin extensions of the axon
Transmit graded electrochemical impulses toward the cell body

Answer 5

Transmit graded electrochemical impulses toward the cell body

Question 6

Temporal summation ______.
only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials
occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell
occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly

Answer 6

occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly

Question 7

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are produced in the brain primarily by ________.
benzodiazepines
glutamic acid
glycine
gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 7

glutamic acid

Question 8

Synaptic transmission using acetylcholine would be disrupted by ________.
strychnine
botulinum toxin
Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct.
curare

Answer 8

Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct.

Question 9

What do muscarine and nicotine have in common?
They are both always excitatory.
They both activate-protein coupled channels.
They are both antagonists for their respective receptors.
They are both agonists for their respective receptors.

Answer 9

They are both agonists for their respective receptors.

Question 10

Structural classifications of neurons do NOT include ________.
motor neurons
pseudounipolar neurons
multipolar neurons
bipolar neurons

Answer 10

motor neurons

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE: Since sensory neurons for muscle position are the fastest conducting neurons, they would have a larger diameter than sensory neurons for touch, pain or pressure.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

What is the action of the binding of muscarine to its receptors in the digestive system?
Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
Beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
Beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.

Answer 12

Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.

Question 13

Curare is a competitive ACh antagonist at ________ ACh receptors.
nicotinic
muscarinic
NMDA
kainate

Answer 13

nicotinic

Question 14

The ________ dopamine system may be involved in emotional reward and drug addiction.
nigrostriatal
amygdala
mesolimbic
dentate

Answer 14

mesolimbic

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE: The greater the number of depolarization regions on an axon, the faster the action potential will be conducted.

Answer 15

false

Question 16

Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called ________.
stimulation-gated channels
potential-gated channels
ion-gated channels
voltage-gated channels

Answer 16

voltage-gated channels

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE: Norepinephrine binding to a receptor stimulates the activity of adenylate cyclase.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Catecholamines activate postsynaptic cells by ________.
inhibition of adenylate cyclase
increased Ca2+ influx into the target cell
increased production of cyclic AMP
inhibition of calmodulin

Answer 18

increased production of cyclic AMP

Question 19

The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by ________.
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
leukocytes

Answer 19

Schwann cells

Question 20

The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is the ________.
node of Ranvier
sheath of Schwann
neurilemma
white matter

Answer 20

node of Ranvier

Question 21

What is present at the axon hillock that allows the production of action potentials?
Ligand-gated channels
Muscarinic receptors
Chemical-gated channels
Voltage-gated channels

Answer 21

voltage-gated channels

Question 22

A drug that blocked ________ channels would prevent neuron ________.
Ca2+; repolarization
Na+; hyperpolarization
K+; depolarization
Na+; depolarization

Answer 22

Na+; depolarization

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE: Both neurons and neuroglia will easily divide by mitosis.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

Nitric oxide ________.
is produced from L-asparagine
is the only lipid based neurotransmitter.
is a chemical messenger activating adenylate cyclase
stimulates the dilation of blood vessels

Answer 24

stimulates the dilation of blood vessels

Question 25

What action would produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane? Opening of Cl- channels into the neuron Outflow of K+ ions Influx of Na+ ions Opening of Ca2+ channels into the neuron

Answer 25

Opening of Cl- channels into the neuron

Question 26

The capacity of synapses for alteration at the molecular level is termed ________. synaptic plasticity synaptic alteration synaptic modulation synaptic capacitance

Answer 26

synaptic plasticity

Question 27

What event(s) could cause presynaptic inhibition? Removal of SNARE complexes Inactivation of Ca2+ channels A second neuron causes a reduction in neurotransmitter release from another neuron All of the choices are correct.

Answer 27

all of the choices are correct

Question 28

Which of the following are natural analgesics? All of the choices are correct. Enkephalins Dynorphins Endorphins

Answer 28

all of the choices are correct

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE: Somatic motor neurons innervate involuntary effectors.

Answer 29

false

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE: Destruction of astrocytes would decrease the rate at which action potentials are transmitted.

Answer 30

false

Question 31

The most numerous of all cells of CNS nervous tissue are the ________. astrocytes neurons Schwann cells microglia

Answer 31

astrocytes

Question 32

The most common neurotransmitter in the brain is ________. glycine serotonin GABA acetylcholine

Answer 32

GABA

Question 33

Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are damaged? Microglia Schwann cells Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes

Answer 33

Schwann cells

Question 34

Muscarinic ACh receptors are found in all of the following locations EXCEPT ________. cardiac muscle skeletal muscle glands smooth muscle

Answer 34

skeletal muscle

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE: Both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials undergo summation.

Answer 35

true

Question 36

The blood-brain barrier results mostly from the action of ________, a type of neuroglia. ependymal cells oligodendrocytes astrocytes microglia

Answer 36

astrocytes

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE: Nicotinic receptors utilize G-proteins to regulate the opening of ion channels.

Answer 37

false

Question 38

The brain produces lipid neurotransmitters called ________. endocannabinoids enkephalins endorphins nitric oxide

Answer 38

endocannabinoids

Question 39

The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by ________. Schwann cells ependymal cells leukocytes oligodendrocytes

Answer 39

oligodendrocytes