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Anatomy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Paired bones located on the sides of the sacrum and coccygeal bones in the pelvis and join together in front of the symphysis pubis

A

Hip

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2
Q

Upper part, called ala (wing), lower part, called the body.

A

Ilium

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3
Q

Iliac crest is palpable and can be used for ______

A

Red bone marrow

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4
Q

Has a body and a ramus and joins the ilium and pubic bone at acetabulum

A

Ischium

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5
Q

Body, as well as a superior and inferior ramus.

A

Pubis

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6
Q

Part of vertebral column that’s located in the pelvis

A

Sacrum

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7
Q

Ligaments-Extends between the ischial spine and the sacrum, enclosed greater sciatic notch and converts to greater sciatic foramen

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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8
Q

Ligaments: Extends between the ischial tuberosity and the sacrum

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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9
Q

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments cross each other and form lesser ________, which obturator internus muscles and pudendal nerve and vessels pass.

A

Sciatic foramen

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10
Q

Covers obturator foramen but leaves a small opening called obturator canal

A

Obturator membrane

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11
Q

Piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve pass through this foramen.

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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12
Q

Fibrocartilage tissue between the symphysial surfaces of the pubic bones, reinforced by superior and inferior pubic ligaments

A

Symphysis pubis

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13
Q

Sacrum articulates with hip bones on both sides at sacroiliac joints, reinforced by several ligaments called

A

Dorsal, ventral, interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

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14
Q

Important and strong ligament, lies between transverse process if lumbar vertebra and the iliac crest, supports connection of vertebrae to the hip bone

A

Iliolumbar ligament

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15
Q

Measured across middle of the pelvic inlets

A

Transverse diameter

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16
Q

Distance between right sacroiliac joint and opposite iliopubic eminence

A

Oblique diameter

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17
Q

Between upper border of symphysis pubis to middle of promontory

A

Anatomical conjugate

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18
Q

Subtracting approximately 1.5 from diagonal conjugate

A

True conjugate

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19
Q

Female pelvis

A
  • pelvic inlet is wider and oval shaped from side to side
  • pelvic outlet is wider, ischial tuberosities are shorter, farther apart, and everted
  • iliac fossa is shallower
  • pubic arch is greater than 90
  • ischial spine points posteriorly
  • obdurate foramen is oval
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20
Q

Male pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet (brim)-is more narrow and heart shaped

  • pelvic outlet is more narrow, ischial tuberosities are longer, sharper and point more medially
  • ilia fossa is deeper
  • pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
  • acetabulum is diverted laterally
  • ischial spine points medially
  • obturator foramen is round
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21
Q

Between two ischial spines and is crucial distance

A

Interspinous diameter

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22
Q

Distance between inferior border of symphysis pubis to inferior border of sacrum

A

Median conjugate

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23
Q

Extends from inferior border of symphysis pubis to tip of coccyx, distance is variable due to the flexibility and slight movement of coccyx

A

Straight conjugate

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24
Q

Diameters between lateral aspects of the two iliac crests

A

Intercristal distance

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25
Q

Between superior border of symphysis pubis and L5 spinous process

A

External conjugate

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26
Q

Long bone in the upper leg that consists of a body, neck, a proximal end, and a distal end

A

Femur

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27
Q

Neck of the femur follows the head, connecting to the body (shaft) at a 126 angle in adults called the ______. Angle is usually wider (145) in _____. And smaller (126) in ______.

A

Angle of inclination. Small children and older people

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28
Q

A ball and socket synovial joint, located between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone

A

Hip joint

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29
Q

Large sesamoid bone that develops in the tendon of the muscles

A

Patella

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30
Q

Tissue between patella and tibial tuberosity

A

Patellar ligament

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31
Q

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments, laterally and idiotically tract supports

A

Joint capsule support the joint

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32
Q

Intrinsic ligaments, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, meniscofemoral ligaments, and transverse ligament of knee that’s beneath the ____

A

Fibrous capsule

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33
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament prevents

A

Backward slipping of the femur, produces medial rotation, and locks the knee in extension

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34
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament prevents

A

Femur from forward slipping

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35
Q

Long bone that has a body (shaft), proximal end, and a distal end, is one of the bones of the lower leg

A

Tibia

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36
Q

Deltoid ligament medially, anterior and posterior talofibular ligamens and calcaneofibular ligament support

A

ankle joint

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37
Q

Since Plexus passes close to the abdominal and pelvic structures, more prone to damage. Trauma following surgery such as hysterectomy, during labor, may injure plexus

A

Lumbosacral plexus syndrome

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38
Q

Quadriceps femoris function

A

Quadriceps femoris is the powerful extensor of the knee joint, rectus femoris can also flex the hip joint

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39
Q

Quadriceps femoris innervation

A

Femoral nerve

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40
Q

Quadriceps femoris contains

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

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41
Q

Sartorius function

A

Acts on two joints, flexor at both hip and knee joints

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42
Q

Sartorius innervation

A

Femoral nerve

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43
Q

Illiopsoas function

A

Strong flexor of the hip, psoas major can flex the body laterally

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44
Q

Illiopsoas innervation

A

Lumbar plexus innervated the psoas muscle, femoral nerve innervates the illacus nerve

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45
Q

Iliopsoas muscles contains

A

Psoas major (deep abdominal muscles), illacus muscle

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46
Q

Adductors of thigh are

A

Gracilis, pectineus, adductor brevis, longus and Magnus

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47
Q

Gracilis function

A

Adductor of the thigh, flexor at the hip and knee joints

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48
Q

Adductor longus function

A

Adduction of the thigh, hip flexion

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49
Q

Adductor brevis function

A

Adductor of thigh and flexor of hip joint

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50
Q

Adductor brevis and longus innervation

A

Obturator nerve

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51
Q

Pectineus function

A

Adductor of thigh and flexor of hip joint

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52
Q

Pectineus innervation

A

Femoral nerve and obturator nerve

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53
Q

Adductor Magnus function

A

Extensor of hip (thigh) and strong adductor of the leg at th hip joints. Part of the adductor Magnus inserts to the Linea aspera is a lateral rotator of the thigh, part of it inserts to adductor tubercle and is medial rotator of the leg

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54
Q

Adductor Magnus innervation

A

Adductor part innervates tibial nerve and Linea aspera innervated obturator

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55
Q

Dorsal hip muscles are

A

Gluteus Maximus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

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56
Q

Gluteus Maximus function

A

Powerful extensor of hip joints and lateral rotator and abductor of the hip. Adduction of the hip and is active in rising, sitting and climbing

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57
Q

Gluteus Maximus innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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58
Q

Tensor fasciae latae function

A

Abduction, medial rotation, and flexion of thigh n supports the knee joint

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59
Q

Tensor fasciae latae innervates

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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60
Q

Gluteus medius function

A

Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh,also helps in lateral rotation and flexion of hip. Gluteus medius keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

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61
Q

Gluteus medius innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve

62
Q

Gluteus minimus innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve

63
Q

Deep muscles of gluteal region are

A

Piriformis, obturator Internus, superior and inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris

64
Q

Piriformis muscle function

A

Works as a lateral rotator and abductor of the thigh, keeps femur head in acetabulum

65
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

Nerve to piriformis

66
Q

Obturator internus innervation

A

Nerve to obturator internus

67
Q

Superior and inferior gemellus innervation

A

Superior gemellus-nerve to obturator internus

Inferior gemellus-nerve to quadratic femoris

68
Q

Quadratus function and innervation

A

Lateral rotation and addiction of the hip. Lateral rotators of thigh at stronger than the medial rotators and control balance. Nerve to quadratus femoris

69
Q

Hamstring muscles functions

A

Flexors of knee joint, extensors of hip joint

70
Q

Biceps femoris function

A

Long head is involved in extension of hip, muscle flexor and lateral rotator at knee joint

71
Q

Biceps femoris innervation

A

Long head is innervated by tibial nerve, short head is common peroneal nerve

72
Q

Semitendinosis and semimembranosus function and nerve

A

Extension at hip joint, strong flexion and medial rotation at the knee joint . Tibial nerve

73
Q

Tibialis anterior function and innervation

A

Dorsiflexion and supination of the foot at the ankle joint. Deep peroneal nerve

74
Q

Extensor hallucis longus function and innervation

A

Dorsiflexion of the first toe and deep peroneal nerve

75
Q

Extensor digitorium longus function and innervation

A

Dorsiflexion of the foot and corresponding digits and deep peroneal nerve

76
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

Extends to base of 5th metatarsal, helps in pronation of foot

77
Q

Gastrocnemius,plantaris, and soleus muscles innervation

A

Tibial nerves

78
Q

Gastrocnemius function

A

Active for fast movement (white fiber types)

79
Q

Soleus function

A

Active in hard and sustained motion (red fiber type)

80
Q

Popliteus function and innervation

A

Involved in flexion of knee, unlocking of knee joint, medial rotation of leg. Tibial nerve

81
Q

Flexor digitorium longus, tibalis posterior and flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve

82
Q

Peroneus longus and brevis function and innervation

A

Pronation of the foot at subtalar and talo-calcaneo navicular joints. Superficial peroneal nerve

83
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis function and innervation

A

Dorsiflexion of Big toe. Deep peroneal nerve

84
Q

Extensor digitorium brevis function and innervation

A

Dorsiflexion of digits. Deep peroneal nerve

85
Q

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorium brevis, abductor digit minimi function and innervation

A

Different branches of medial and lateral plantar nerves

86
Q

Quadratus plantae innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve

87
Q

Lumbricals function and innervation

A

Plantar flexion of corre. Digits. Medial plantar nerve to medial lumbricals and lateral plantar nerve to other lumbricals

88
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve

89
Q

Adductor hallucis innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve

90
Q

Flexor digit minimi brevis innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve

91
Q

Plantar interossei muscle function

A

Adductors of digits

92
Q

Dorsal interossei muscles function

A

Abductors of digits

93
Q

Pulsation can be felt at

A

Anterior tibial artery and dorsal artery of foot

94
Q

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries originate indirectly from

A

Internal iliac artery

95
Q

Which artery leaves through infrapiriformis hiatus and enters the less sciatic foramen , supplies perineum by passing through alcocks canal?

A

Internal pudendal artery

96
Q

Indirect branch of internal iliac artery that passes through obturator canal and supplies lower limb muscles and other anterior branch structures , is what artery?

A

Obturator artery

97
Q

Very important blood supply for head of demure, especially in children, and its an acetabular branch, artery?

A

Obturator artery

98
Q

Iliolumbar supplies

A

Psoas muscle and other structures

99
Q

External iliac artery continues as ______, passes beneath inguinal ligament and through lacuna vasorum.

A

Femoral artery

100
Q

Femoral artery gives off some superficial branches of arteries______

A

Epigastric artery, circumflex iliac artery, external pudendal artery all supply abdominal wall and others

101
Q

Largest branch of femoral artery is

A

Deep femoral artery

102
Q

Femoral artery gives off 3-5 perforating branches that pierce and supply

A

Adductor and dorsal muscles

103
Q

Femoral artery continues downward into hunters canal and passes to _______ region behind the knee through adductor hiatus, where name changes to______ artery

A

Popliteal region, popliteal

104
Q

Before getting into adductor hiatus , femoral artery gives of descending ______ artery

A

Genicular

105
Q

Genicular arteries branch off from ______ artery

A

Popliteal

106
Q

Popliteal artery branches off to _______ artery behind and below knee

A

Posterior and anterior tibial arteries

107
Q

Anterior tibial artery turns into ______ nerve

A

Deep peroneal nerve

108
Q

Sole of foot, lateral and medial _____ arteries branch from posterior tibial artery and join together and form deep plantar arch

A

Plantar

109
Q

Plantar arch gives off the _____artery and these arteries branch off into proper ______ artery

A

Plantar metatarsal , proper plantar digital

110
Q

Dorsal of foot, anterior ______ artery continues as dorsalis pedis artery,forms and arch with _____artery,continues as lateral tarsal artery to close arterial loop by joining the dorsalis pedis

A

Tibial artery, arcuate

111
Q

Dorsal metatarsal arteries branches off from arcuate artery and then give off _______ and supply foot

A

Dorsal metatarsal arteries

112
Q

Two superficial veins of leg are

A

Great and small saphenous vein

113
Q

Accompanied by small branches of ______, small saphenous veins lies….

A

Sural nerves

114
Q

Small saphenous veins to drain into _____ vein, in popliteal region

A

Popliteal

115
Q

Great saphenous vein runs on medial aspect of leg and the thigh, draining into ____ vein

A

Femoral

116
Q

Great saphenous vein is accompanied by ______ nerve

A

Saphenous

117
Q

Deep vein drains into popliteal vein and the femoral vein and from there into the _____ vein

A

External iliac vein

118
Q

Blood of gluteal vein and obturator vein drains into _____ vein

A

Internal iliac

119
Q

Lymph of lower limb is drained by superficial and deep _____ vessels

A

Lymphatic

120
Q

Lymphatic vessels first drain into lymph nodes in the popliteal and Inguinal regions, then into deep lymphatic vessels of _____ cavity into thoracic duct.

A

Abdominal

121
Q

Superficial lymphatic vessels accompany _____

A

Great and small saphenous veins

122
Q

Deep lymphatic vessels accompany deep _____vessels

A

Blood

123
Q

Superficial popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes receive _____

A

Medial and lateral superficial lymphatics

124
Q

Deep popliteal and inguinal nodes receive ______

A

Deep lymphatics

125
Q

From inguinal nodes, lymphatics travel into the _____ and _____ nodes, moving into the lateral aortic and lumbar lymph nodes into cisterns chyli and finally drain into _____ duct. The _____ follow the same path

A

External iliac and common iliac nodes, thoracic , superficial gluteal lymphatics

126
Q

Lymphatics of Deep gluteal region drained by _____ nodes, into internal iliac node and then into _____ iliac node. It then follow lateral ____ and lumbar nodes into cisterna chyli

A

Gluteal lymph, colon, aortic

127
Q

Skin is innervated by branches of

A

Lumbosacral plexus

128
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and anterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervated the skin of

A

Anterior thigh

129
Q

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve innervats small part of the

A

Thigh

130
Q

Leg is innervated medially by the _____ nerve, while lateral aspect of leg innervated by ____ nerve

A

Saphenous, sural

131
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve innervated the _____ of foot, except area between big toe, innervated by terminal branches of ____ nerve

A

Dorsum, deep peroneal

132
Q

The _____ nerve innervated lateral aspect of foot

A

Sural

133
Q

Gluteal region innervated by

A

Superior and medial Cluneal nerve

134
Q

Skin of posterior thigh region is innervated by the _____ nerve, although laterally by _____ nerve and medial by ______

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous, Lateral cutaneous, obturator nerve

135
Q

Posterior leg innervated by ______ nerve and by _____ nerve and skin of sole of foot innervated by cutaneous branches of _____ nerves

A

Sural, saphenous, medial and lateral plantar

136
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Sartorious muscles, adductor longus , inguinal ligament , iliopsoas muscle, and pectineus.

137
Q

Contents of femoral ring

A

Femoral artery and genitofemoral nerve. Femoral vein. Lymph nodes and areolar tissue (femoral canal), the Rosenmuller node(drain into glans penis and clitoris)

138
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Painful, more in female, below and lateral to pubic tubercle

139
Q

Touch and check _____, if swollen there’s an infection and can create edema

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

140
Q

Femoral artery is located and more superficial than vein and is clinically used for

A

Angiography via catherization

141
Q

Femoral sheath

A

Cut it and its femoral ring. It’s a thin membrane and contains femoral artery, vein and lymphatics .

142
Q

Deep into anterior femoral region, the ______ is visible just beneath sartorius

A

Adductor or Hunters canal

143
Q

_____ thickest nerve of the body and passes through infrapiriformis hiatus, together with posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, pudendal nerve, and internal pudendal vessels.

A

Sciatic

144
Q

Osgoodschalttar disease

A

Extension of knee, thin membrane (tiberoseum), may be raised and cause pain, oversion of tibial tuberosity

145
Q

Coxa vara

A

Weight bearing line, middle hip joint (inside knee, meniscus is town), instability in walking

146
Q

Foot drop

A

Common peroneal nerve damage of hit to lateral of knee, head of fibula

147
Q

Waddling gait

A

Limping on leg

148
Q

Positive trendenlenberg sign

A

Pelvis pops, one side damage (raise leg), not keep pelvis level

149
Q

Region for injection_____, no blood , inject and go more_____

A

Upper lateral quadrant, laterally

150
Q

Bypass surgery

A

Great saphenous vein

151
Q

Can’t dorsiflexion

A

Compartment syndrome

152
Q

Head fibula is damaged, pronation and inversion is compromised

A

Common coronal nerve damaged

Anatomy (3 decks)

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