Chapter 7.

Question 1

What is Kinetic Energy?

Answer 1

energy of motion

Question 2

What is the formula for Kinetic Energy?

Answer 2

KE = 1/2mv2

Question 3

All electrons have the same

Answer 3

mass

Question 4

Is electron kinetic energy increased or decreased when you raise the kVp?

Answer 4

increased

Question 5

How is electron kinetic energy increased?

Answer 5

by raising the kVp

Question 6

When electron kinetic energy is increased, what happens to both the intensity and energy of the x-ray beam?

Answer 6

both the intensity (mAs) and energy (kVp) are increased

Question 7

How many Joules per kEv?

Answer 7

1.6 x 10 -16

Question 8

What is another name for the electrons traveling from cathode to anode?

Answer 8

Projectile electrons

Question 9

What parts of a target atom do projectile electrons interact with?

Answer 9

orbital electrons or nuclear field

Question 10

The interactions between the orbital electrons or nuclear field result in a conversion of what?

Answer 10

electron kinetic energy into thermal energy (heat) and electromagnetic energy in the form of infared radiation (also heat) and x-rays

Question 11

What is responsible for most of the heat generated in anodes?

Answer 11

the constant excitation and return of outer shell electrons

Question 12

What is the relationship of the production of heat in the anode and x-ray tube current?

Answer 12

direct

when you increase tube current, you increase the production of heat in the anode and when you decrease tube current, you decrease the production of heat in the anode

Question 13

Does kVp affect the production of heat in the anode?

Answer 13

yes, the relationship is direct

when you increase kVp, you increase the production of heat in the anode, and when you decrease kVp, you decrease the production of heat in the anode

Question 14

The efficiency of the x-ray tube is affected by what?

Answer 14

The kVp

Question 15

Are mAs and the efficiency of the x-ray tube related?

Answer 15

No, the efficiency of x-ray production is independent of mAs ( tube current)

Question 16

Does the effective energy of characteristic x-rays increase or decrease with increasing atomic number?

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

What is another name for projectile electrons?

Answer 17

incident electrons, filament electrons

Question 18

How do characteristic x-rays occur?

Answer 18

When an outer-shell electron fills an inner-shell void

Question 19

Are characteristic x-rays low or high energy?

Answer 19

low

Question 20

What is the effective energy of K-shell x-rays?

Answer 20

69

Question 21

What is the effective energy of L-shell x-rays?

Answer 21

12

Question 22

What is the effective energy of M-shell x-rays?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

What is the effective energy of N-shell x-rays?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

What is the effective energy of O-shell x-rays?

Answer 24

0.1

Question 25

What does Bremsstrahlung mean?

Answer 25

breaking or slowing down radiation

Question 26

How are Bremsstrahlung x-rays produced?

Answer 26

When a projectile electron is slowed by the nuclear field of target atoms

Question 27

What happens to some of the kinetic energy of the projectile electron in a Bremsstrahlung x-ray?

Answer 27

some of the kinetic energy of the projectile electron is converted into electromagnetic energy

Question 28

Is the projectile electron influenced more or less the closer it gets to the nucleus

Answer 28

more

Question 29

How is a low-energy Bremsstrahlung x-ray produced?

Answer 29

When the projectile electron is barely influenced by the nucleus

Question 30

How is a maximum-energy Bremsstrahlung x-ray occur?

Answer 30

when the projectile electron loses all of its kinetic energy and simply drifts away from the nucleus

Question 31

Can Bremsstrahlung x-rays be produced at any projectile electron energy?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

A K-characteristic x-ray requires a tube potential of what?

Answer 32

At least 69 kVp

Question 33

Is a discrete spectrum associated with Bremsstrahlung x-rays or characteristic x-rays

Answer 33

characteristic x-rays

Question 34

Is a continuous spectrum associated with Bremsstrahlung x-rays or characteristic x-rays?

Answer 34

Bremsstrahlung x-rays

Question 35

Discrete energies of characteristic x-rays are characteristic of the difference between what?

Answer 35

electron binding energies

Question 36

What x-rays are the only x-ray with sufficient energy to be of value in diagnostic radiology?

Answer 36

Characteristic K-xrays

Question 37

In a bremsstrahlung x-ray spectrum, the highest number of x-rays are emitted with how much of the energy?

Answer 37

1/3 the maximum energy

Question 38

Is x-ray energy directly or inversely proportional to wavelength?

Answer 38

inversely as x-ray wavelength decrease, energy increases as x-ray wavelength increase, energy decreases

Question 39

What is the maximum x-ray energy numerically equal to?

Answer 39

The kVp

Question 40

The total number of x-rays emitted from an x-ray tube could be determined by adding together the number of x-rays emitted at each energy over the entire spectrum is known as

Answer 40

Known as intergration

Question 41

Is a spectrum shifted more to the right or left when the energy or kVp of the x-ray beam is higher?

Answer 41

right