Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 Exam Flashcards
(55 cards)
examples of salt water and freshwater aquatic locations
- salt marshes, oceans, seas, bays, swamps
- lakes, ponds, rivers, streams
Eutrophic Lakes
a lake with a large supply of nutrients, shallow, with murky brown or green water, and with poor visibility
Oligotrophic Lakes
a lake with a low concentration of nutrients and plankton, space fish population, and little shore vegetation
corals: what they are, where they live, why they become stressed
-corals are animals that contain plants that live inside them. There are hard and soft corals.
-Polyps are important
-oceans
-animals
little things affect them
Without proper light and temperature, they will die. It only tames 1-2 degrees in some cases and global warming effects coral.
primary succession: where they occur, what organisms move and when do they move in
Ecological succession in a bare area that has never been occupied by a community of organs
BARE ROCK
PIONEER ORGANISMS ABD EARLY SUCCESSION ORGANISMS
EARLY AND MID SUCCESSION
secondary succession: where they occur, what organisms move and when do they move in
Ecological succession in an area in which natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed but the soil is not destroyed
parasites
Consumer organism that lives on or in and feeds on a living plant or animal, known as the host, over an extended period of time. The parasite draws nourishment from and gradually weakens its host; it may or may not kill the host
predator prey relationships
predation
Situation in which an organism of one species (the predator) captures and feeds on parts or all of an organism of another species (the prey)
theory of island biogeography
the # of species found on an island is determined by a balance between two factors: the immigration rate (of species new to the island) from other inhabited areas and the extinction rate (of species established on the island). The model predicts that some point the rates of immigration and extinction will reach and equilibrium point that determines the island’s average # of different species (species diversity)
interspecific species/competition
attempts by members of two or more species to use the same limited resources in an ecosystem
intraspecific species/competition
Attempts by two or more organisms of a single species to use the same limited resources in an ecosystem `
keystone species
Species that play roles affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem
coevolution
evolution in which two or more species interact and exert selective pressures on each other that can lead each species to undergo various adaptations
dieback/crash
occurs with species when they are unable to switch to a new resource or move to another area
carrying capacity
maximum population of a particular species that a given habitat can support over a given period
DETERMINED BY THE BIOTIC POTENTIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
mutualism
two species interact in a way that both benefit
parasitism
Interaction between species in which one organism, called the parasite, preys on another organism, called the host, by living on or in the host
commensalism
An interaction between organisms of different species in which one type of species benefits and the other type is neither helped nor harmed to any degree
competitive exclusion principle
No two species can occupy exactly the same fundamental niche indefinitely in a habitat where there is not enough of a particular resource to meet the needs of both species
clumped patterns
organisms living in groups
uniform patterns
the individuals are spread out evenly in the environment
random patterns
the individuals of a population are spread out in no particular pattern
K selected species: characteristics of each
Competitor species
reproduce late in life
have small number of offspring
long life span
-reproducing late in life
-having a small number of offspring with fairly long lifespans
-develop inside their mothers and are born fairly large
-mature slowly
-cored for and protected by one or both parents until they reach reproductive age
-do well in competitive situations and they follow a logistic growth curve
-examples are elephants, whales, humans, birds of prey, and large long-lived plants.
R selected species: characteristics of each
species with a capacity for high rate of population increase
Small, many offspring
little parental care
-reproducing early
-putting most of their energy into reproduction
-examples are bacteria, rodents, most insects, algae, and annual plants.
