Chapter 7 - Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

If a microscope eyepiece is marked x10 and the objective lens is marked at x20, what is the total magnification?

A

X200

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2
Q

Name the two types of microscopes

A

Compound microscope

Electron microscope

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3
Q

What is a compound microscope used for?

A

It shows a general overview of the cell

Can only identify: the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplasts

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4
Q

What is an electron microscope used for?

A

Allows to see the ultra structure of a cell
Uses a beam of electrons instead of a light
Gives a magnification of x250,000 and higher

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5
Q

What are the two types of electron microscope?

A

T.E.M (transmission electron microscope) - shows the internal structure of a cell
S.E.M (scanning electron microscope) - provides surface views

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6
Q

What are plant cell walls made of?

A

Cellulose

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7
Q

The details of a cell as seen using an electron microscope are known as the cell….

A

Ultrastructure

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8
Q

What are cell membranes made of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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9
Q

What is an ultra structure?

A

Fine details of a cell as seen with an electron microscope

We can see the organelles of a cell

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10
Q

What are organelles

A

Cell component that performs a specific function for a cell

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11
Q

Describe a cell membrane

A

Composed of phospholipids and proteins
Retains the cells contents
Controls what passes in and out of a cell (semi-permeable)
Supports the cell

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12
Q

What is a phospholipid made up of?

A

Lipids and phosphates
Lipids hate water, they look like the tail
Phosphates love water, looks like the head

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13
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Jelly like fluid that holds the organelles in place

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14
Q

Describe the nucleus.

A

Surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores
Allows entry and exit to molecules
Contains chromosomes
Controls the cell

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15
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

The cells genetic formation

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16
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

A dark structure in the nucleus
Contains RNA, DNA and proteins
Makes ribosomes

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17
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Describes chromosomes when they are not needed for dividing

It’s the liquid form of dna

18
Q

What is the mitochondrion?

A

It supplies energy to the cell when respiration takes place

Cells with a lot of mitochondrion create a lot of energy

19
Q

Describe ribosomes

A

Tiny, bead like structures made of dna and protein

Makes proteins by combining amino acids

20
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Green structures in plant cells
Green because of the pigment chlorophyll
Photosynthesis takes place here

21
Q

What is a cell wall and it’s functions?

A

Made of cellulose and fully permeable

To support and strengthen the plant cell

22
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

A place where plants store the food they produce

Strengthens the cell

23
Q

Name 3 differences between a plant and animal cell

A

Animal cell. Plant cell
No cell wall Cell wall
No chloroplasts Contains chloroplasts
Small vacuole. Have large vacuoles

24
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

An organism whose cell contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
E.g. animals, plants, fungi

25
What is a prokaryote?
An organism whose cell doesn’t have a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles E.g. bacteria
26
Name an example of animal cell that contains made mitochondrion
Muscle cell
27
Function of a ribosome
To manufacture proteins
28
What is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
29
Function of the eyepiece.
Enlarges or magnifies the image
30
Function of the nosepiece.
Revolves to allow an objective lens to be used.
31
Function of the objective lens.
Enlarges or magnifies the image
32
Function of the focus knobs
Allow a clear image to be seen
33
Function of the stage
Holds the microscope slide in place with clips.
34
Function of the diaphragm of a microscope.
Adjusts the amount of light passing through the slide.
35
Function of a mirror
Reflects light that passes through the slide.
36
What stain is used to examine a plant cell?
Iodine
37
What stain is used to examine an animal cell?
Methylene blue
38
What is a phospholipid?
It is composed of a lipid group and a phosphate group with proteins embedded. All membranes are made up of a double layer of phospholipid
39
What’s the functions of a membrane?
Retains liquid contents Controls what passes through them. Recognition of molecules (one molecule can attach to another molecule that is of similar shape)
40
What are plastids?
They are found only in plant cells. They include: chloroplasts (where photosynthesis takes place), chromoplasts (brightly coloured structure that turns into a chloroplast), leucoplasts (colourless plastids that store starch)
41
What is the protoplasm?
The protoplasm is all the living parts of a cell