Chapter 7 Study Guide

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

A cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.

Question 2

Prokaryotes don’t have…

Answer 2

A nucleus

Question 3

What is the main function of the cell wall?

Answer 3

To support and protect the cell.

Question 4

What is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 4

Tough fibers

Question 5

Which structures carry out cell movement?

Answer 5

Microtubules and microfilaments

Question 6

Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?

Answer 6

Lysosome

Question 7

Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?

Answer 7

Ribosome

Question 8

Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement?

Answer 8

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which organelles help provide cells with energy?

Answer 9

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 10

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 10

Chloroplast

Question 11

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

Answer 11

Protiens

Question 12

What is diffusion?

Answer 12

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 13

When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, what will the molecules do?

Answer 13

Move across the membrane in both directions,

Question 14

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

Answer 14

Active transport

Question 15

What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

Why will an animal cell that is surrounded by freshwater burst?

Answer 16

Because the osmotic pressure causes water to move into the cell.

Question 17

Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?

Answer 17

Cell specialization

Question 18

What is a group of cells that perform similar functions called?

Answer 18

A tissue

Question 19

What is an organ system?

Answer 19

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

Question 20

If a cell contains a nucleus, then…

Answer 20

It must be a eukaryote.

Question 21

Where does the assembly of ribosomes begin?

Answer 21

In a small dense structure called the nucleolus.

Question 22

What do ribosomes stud the surface of?

Answer 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 23

What does the cell membrane regulate?

Answer 23

The cell membrane regulates which substances enter and leave a cell.

Question 24

What will happen to a red blood cell if placed in pure water?

Answer 24

It will burst/swell.

Question 25

What exists between the cells of multicellular organisms?

Answer 25

A division of labor

Question 26

What is the cell theory?

Answer 26

All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Question 27

In a eukaryote, what is the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus?

Answer 27

The cytoplasm

Question 28

Eukaryotes are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. What are the structures called?

Answer 28

Organelles.

Question 29

Chromatin

Answer 29

The granular material visible within the nucleus.

Question 30

Chromosome

Answer 30

Formed from chromatin when a cell divides. Contains genetic information passed from cell to cell

Question 31

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 31

A double membrane layer surrounding the nucleus.

Question 32

Cytoskeleton

Answer 32

A network of protein filaments that help cells maintain their shape as well as provides mechanical support so cells can function.

Question 33

Microtubule

Answer 33

Tracks along which organelles move.

Question 34

Microfilament

Answer 34

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.

Question 35

Ribosome

Answer 35

Where proteins are assembled. They produce proteins following coded instructions from the nucleus.

Question 36

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 36

The organelle in which components of the cell membrane are assembled, Calcium is stored, and protein is synthesized.

Question 37

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 37

Where proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum move into.

Question 38

Which cell is responsible for removing debris that would otherwise clutter up the cell?

Answer 38

Lysosome

Question 39

Vacuole

Answer 39

Carbohydrates in sacklike strucutres

Question 40

Chloroplast

Answer 40

Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as photosynthesis.

Question 41

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 41

The core of nearly all cell membranes.

Question 42

Concentration

Answer 42

The mass of a solute in a given volume of solution.

Question 43

Diffusion (Alternate Definition)

Answer 43

Causes many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require the cell to use energy.

Question 44

Selective Permeability

Answer 44

A quality most biological membranes have where some substances can pass through.

Question 45

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 45

During this molecules such as glucose that cannot cross their membrane's lipid bilayer directly move through protein channels instead.

Question 46

Endocytosis

Answer 46

A process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane.

Question 47

Phagocytosis

Answer 47

The process in which large particles are taken into the cell by endocytosis.

Question 48

Exocytosis

Answer 48

The removal of large amounts of material from a cell.

Question 49

Organ

Answer 49

A group of tissues working together.

Question 50

All cells have...?

Answer 50

Cytoplasm and a cell membrane