Chapter 8

Question 1

why are words to describe family members important (mother, cousin)?

Answer 1

they indicate rights and responsibilities associated with particular family members

Question 2

what is kinship?

Answer 2

culturally recognized ties between family members by blood, marriage, and “chosen kin”

Question 3

what kind of relationships does kinship include?

Answer 3

consanguineal, affinal, and “chosen kin”

Question 4

what are consanguineal relationships?

Answer 4

blood connections

Question 5

what are affinal relationships?

Answer 5

those created through marriage

Question 6

what are chosen kin?

Answer 6

no formal blood/marriage ties but consider each other as family

Question 7

what is a kinship system?

Answer 7

pattern of culturally recognized relationships between family members

Question 8

what is a patrilineal descent?

Answer 8

a kinship group created through the paternal line (fathers and their children)

Question 9

what is a matrilineal descent?

Answer 9

a kinship group created through the maternal line (mothers and their children)

Question 10

what is a unilineal descent?

Answer 10

families are defined by descent from only the father’s/mother’s side of the family

Question 11

what is a bilateral descent?

Answer 11

families are defined by descent from both the mother’s and father’s sides of the family

Question 12

what are descent groups?

Answer 12

relationships providing members with a sense of identity and social support based on ties of shared ancestry

Question 13

what are kinship diagrams?

Answer 13

visualize descent groups and kinship

Question 14

what is lineage?

Answer 14

descent from a common ancestor

Question 15

what does matriarchal mean?

Answer 15

a society where women have the authority to make decisions

Question 16

does descent mean power?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

in matrilineal lineages, who may women be subject more to regarding power?

Answer 17

their brothers and uncles through their mother’s side

Question 18

what is kinship terminology?

Answer 18

terms used in a language to describe relatives

Question 19

what is the Hawaiian system of kinship terminology?

Answer 19

• siblings and first cousins call each other brother and sister
• all one’s father’s brother’s would also be called father
• all one’s mother’s sister’s would also be called mother

Question 20

what is a clan?

Answer 20

a group of people who have a general notion of common descent that’s not attached to a specific ancestor

Question 21

what is serial monogamy?

Answer 21

marriage to a succession of spouses, one at a time

Question 22

what are nuclear/conjugal families?

Answer 22

parents along with their minor/dependent children (two generations)

Question 23

what are non-conjugal families?

Answer 23

single-parent families

Question 24

what are extended families?

Answer 24

a family of at least three gens sharing a household

Question 25

what are stem families?

Answer 25

a version of an extended family including an older couple and one of their adult children with a spouse and children

Question 26

what are joint families?

Answer 26

a very large extended family that includes multiple gens

Question 27

what are polygamous families?

Answer 27

plural marriages where there are multiple wives/husbands

Question 28

what are step/blended families?

Answer 28

families that develop when adults who have been widowed/divorced marry again and bring children from previous partnerships together`

Question 29

what is polygyny?

Answer 29

one husband, multiple wives who are usually sisters

Question 30

what is polyandry?

Answer 30

one wife, multiple husbands

Question 31

what is endogamy?

Answer 31

marriage within a cultural group

Question 32

what is exogamy?

Answer 32

marriage outside a cultural group

Question 33

what is a patrilateral cousin marriage?

Answer 33

marrying a male/female cousin on your father's side

Question 34

what are some reasons why a marriage may be arranged?

Answer 34

families have something in common, financial reasons, to match people with others from the correct social, economic, or religious group, etc.

Question 35

what is sororal polygyny?

Answer 35

marriage of one man to several sisters

Question 36

what is fraternal polyandry?

Answer 36

marriage of one woman to a group of husbands

Question 37

what is a dowry?

Answer 37

payments made to the groom's family before marriage

Question 38

what is bride wealth?

Answer 38

payments made to the bride's family before marriage

Question 39

what is a family?

Answer 39

the smallest group of individuals who see themselves as connected to each other

Question 40

what are households/domestic groups?

Answer 40

family members who reside together or who share resources and activities pertaining to domestic life

Question 41

what can a dowry represent?

Answer 41

higher status of the groom's family and its ability to demand payment for taking on the economic responsibility of a wife

Question 42

in what type of society was dowry most common in?

Answer 42

agricultural societies

Question 43

in agricultural societies, what was the most valuable commodity for dowries?

Answer 43

land

Question 44

in what type of societies are bridewealths common in?

Answer 44

pastoralist societies

Question 45

what are families of orientation?

Answer 45

families in which someone was raised

Question 46

what is a family of procreation?

Answer 46

a new household formed for the purpose of conceiving and raising children

Question 47

what is a neolocal residence?

Answer 47

a new location

Question 48

what is a patrilocal residence?

Answer 48

a couple resides with the husband's father's family after marriage

Question 49

what is an avunculocal residence?

Answer 49

a couple resides with the wife's mother's brother

Question 50

what type of societies are avunculocal residences most common in?

Answer 50

matrilineal societies

Question 51

what is a matrilocal residence?

Answer 51

after marriage, couple resides with wife's mother's family

Question 52

what is the best-known inheritance pattern?

Answer 52

by the oldest male