Chapter 8

Question 1

Islam means:

Answer 1

Submission to God

Question 2

Followers of Islam are called muslims, meaning:

Answer 2

One who submits

Question 3

The framework of Muslim life is in the 5 Pillars of Islam

Answer 3

1. The Shahada (Testimony of Faith)
2. Salat (Daily prayer)
3. Giving Zakat (Support of the needy)
4. Fast of Ramadan
5. Hajj or prlgrimage to Mecca

Question 4

Muslims viewed Muhammad as the ________

Answer 4

Prophet

Question 5

Revelations, _________, The holy scripture of Islam

Answer 5

Qur’an

Question 6

Jihad:

Answer 6

Striving in the way of God

Question 7

Islamic Expansion: _________________________________________, Muhammad united the tribes as one large tribe

Answer 7

Persuasion, negotiation and force

Question 8

External Factors:

Answer 8

The Byzantines and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other.

Question 9

Spiritual leader of Islam, claims succession from Muhammad

Answer 9

Caliph

Question 10

The division of Islam:

Answer 10

-Sunni
-Shi’ites

Question 11

The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off ____________ and _______________ from the former western empire

Answer 11

Culturally, economically

Question 12

The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion and stabilize their empire with the introduction of a powerful new weapon called “____________”

Answer 12

Greek Fire

Question 13

The Byzantine emperors broke the empire into military districts called Themes, each Theme was led by a general called _____________

Answer 13

Strategos

Question 14

Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome, institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion:

Answer 14

The king sought to bolster their authority through religious means

Question 15

The pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperor over….

Answer 15

increasing taxes, priestly marriages and the worship of icons

Question 16

_______________ will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian society

Answer 16

Catholic Bishops

Question 17

Charles Martel called ______________

Answer 17

Charles the Hammer

Question 18

Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Newtria and Burgundy :

Answer 18

Critical source of man power and resources (Wealth)

Question 19

During the early middle ages, troops were only available….

Answer 19

After the crops had been planted and before harvest time

Question 20

Martel paid for his new army by:

Answer 20

Confiscating church properties and land

Question 21

Christians simply call ALL muslims _____________

Answer 21

Saracen

Question 22

_____________ was the strength of Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi army

Answer 22

Cavalry

Question 23

The strength of the frank army was its ________________________

Answer 23

Infantry foot solider

Question 24

Part of Charles Martel’s military brilliance:

Answer 24

His ability to pick the time and place of his battles

Question 25

The turning point:

Answer 25

Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed

Question 26

Martel became the master of Western Europe and the _________________

Answer 26

Defender of the Faith

Question 27

Charles Martel’s grandson ________________ was the greatest king of the middle ages

Answer 27

Charlemagne

Question 28

Significance of the Battle of Tours:

Answer 28

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved christianity as the religion of Europe