Chapter 8 Flashcards
(25 cards)
DEFINE
Depressant
A drug that diminishes physiological activity and cortical arousal
EXPLAIN
How do most depressants work?
By increasing GABA neurotransmission
DEFINE
Barbiturates
any of a class of sedative and sleep-inducing drugs derived from barbituric acid.
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
What drug company initally began the production and marketing of Barbiturates?
Bayer
LIST
What are the sites of action of barbiturates?
- cerebral cortex
- Amygdala
- Thalamus
- Medulla
EXPLAIN
How can barbiturates result in death?
Suppression of medulla, resulting in respiratory depression
DEFINE
Shrinking Theraputic Index
When the theraputic index becomes smaller with chronic use, increasing the risks of overdosing on the same dosage
LIST
What are 3 commons benzodiazepines?
- Librium
- Valium
- Xanax
LIST
What are 2 types of benzodiazepine sites?
- BZI (High affinity)
- BZII (Low Affinity)
DEFINE
Endozepines
Naturally occuring benzodiazepines from within the body
DEFINE
What is a “Z-Drug”?
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Sleep Aids)
Generic names typically beginning with Z
LIST
Name some non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
- Zolpidem
- Eszopiclone
- Zaleplon
- Zopiclone
EXPLAIN
What is the affinity for BZI sites on Z-Drugs?
High affinity; High hypnotic effect, low anxiolytic effect
EXPLAIN
What is the affinity for BZII sites on Z-Drugs?
Some affinity depending on specific drug
DEFINE
Sleep-related complex behaviours
abnormal behaviors that occur during sleep, including sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder
EXPLAIN
What is Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)?
Both a drug and a neurotransmitter
Schedule I classification; used as a date rape drug
EXPLAIN
What is GHB a active metabolite of?
GABA
EXPLAIN
What is the pharmacokinetics of GHB?
- Absorbed through GI Tract
- Peak concentration after 15-45 minutes
- Half life of 30 minutes
- Crosses BBB
- Metabolized in liver and brain
EXPLAIN
What is a pharmacological effect of GHB?
- Creates unique sleep pattern during the first 2 hours of sleep
- Increases length of deep sleep
LIST
What are the symptoms of GHB overdose?
- Nausea
- Unconsciousness
- Reduced blood pessure
- Low heart rate
LIST
What are the symptoms of GHB withdrawal?
Common: Exhaustion, memory loss, confusion, clumsiness
Less common: Insomnia, depression, dizziness
From chronic use: Tremor, seizures, memory loss, anxiety, confusion
LIST
What are 4 types of inhalants?
- Amyl Nitrite (Poppers)
- Nitrous Oxide (Laughing gas)
- Vilotile Solvents + Gases (Gasoline, Butane, Acetone)
- Anesthetic Gases
LIST
What are the 3 forms of administration for inhalants?
- Sniffing
- Huffing
- Bagging
EXPLAIN
What is the mechanism of action for Toluene?
- Positive modulation of GABAa receptors
- Antagonism of NMDA receptors
