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Biology&211 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Before the parent cell splits into two, it duplicates its?

A

Chromosomes

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1
Q

A cell that undergoes reproduction, this process is known as?

A

Cell division

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2
Q

The structures that contain most of the cells DNA?

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Cells that reproduce by dividing in half perform?

A

Asexual reproduction

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4
Q

The process of reproduction that requires the fertilization of an egg by a sperm is?

A

Sexual reproduction

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5
Q

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) reproduce by a type of cell division called?

A

Binary fission

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6
Q

DNA in a loose state is called?

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

Chromosomes that are new copies formed from chromosome duplication are?

A

Sister chromatids

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8
Q

Two sister chromatids are joined together especially tightly at a narrow waist called the ?

A

Centromere

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9
Q

The process of cell division is a key component of the?

A

Cell cycle

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10
Q

The phase where a cells metabolic activity is very high and the cell performs its various functions within the organism is is called?

A

Interphase

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11
Q

The three phases of interphase are?

A

1) g1 phase
2) s phase
3) g2 phase

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12
Q

The part of the cell cycle when the cell actually divides and accounts for only 10 percent of the time in a total cell cycle is called?

A

The mitotic phase

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13
Q

The phase in which the nucleus and it’s contents, most importantly the duplicated chromosomes divide and are evenly distributed forming two daughter nuclei is called?

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

The phase when the cytoplasm is divided into two is?

A

Cytokinesis

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15
Q

The five stages of mitosis are called?

A

1) prophase
2) prometaphase
3) metaphase
4) anaphase
5) telophase

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16
Q

The football shaped structure of micro tubules that guides the separation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes are called ?

A

Mitotic spindle

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17
Q

The clouds of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contain pairs of centrioles is?

A

Centrosomes

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18
Q

A shallow indentation in the cell surface that forms during cytokinesis and telophase when a cell splits is called a?

A

Cleavage furrow

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19
Q

Membranous vesicles contains cell wall material collect at the middle of the parent cell, the vesicles fuse forming a membranous disk called the ?

A

Cell plate

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20
Q

A protein secreted by certain body cells that stimulate other cells to divide is known as?

A

A growth factor

21
Q

A phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing is?

A

Density dependent inhibitation

22
Q

When cells must be in contact with a solid surface, this is known as?

A

Anchorage dependence

23
Q

A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in a cell cycle is known as?

A

Cell control cycle system

24
Q

An abnormally growing mass of body cells is a?

A

Tumor

25
Q

If abnormal cells remain at the original site, this is known as?

A

Benign tumor

26
Q

If the mass of cells spread into neighboring tissues and other parts of the body, this is known as?

A

Malignant tumor

27
Q

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site is called?

A

Metastasis

28
Q

Cancers that originate in the external or internal coverings of the body, such as the skin or lining of the intestine are known as?

A

Carcinomas

29
Q

Cancers that arise in tissues that support the body, such as bone and muscle are?

A

Sarcomas

30
Q

Cancers of blood forming tissues, such as bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes are called?

A

Leukemias and lymphomas

31
Q

The typical body cells that have 46 chromosomes are?

A

Somatic cell

32
Q

The two chromosomes of such a matching pair are called?

A

Homologous chromosomes

33
Q

The bands that determine whether a person has genes located in a particular place is?

A

A locus

34
Q

The chromosomes that determine an individuals sex

A

Sex chromosomes

35
Q

The development of a fertilized egg into a new adult organism is one phase of a multi cellular organisms?

A

Life cycle

36
Q

The total number of chromosomes is called the ?

A

Diploid number

37
Q

The egg and the sperm cells are known as the?

A

Gametes

38
Q

A cell that has half the number of chromosomes is a ?

A

Haploid cell

39
Q

A fertilized egg is a?

A

Zygote

40
Q

When a haploid sperm cell from the father fuses with a haploid egg cell from the mother in the process of?

A

Fertilization

41
Q

The type of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid organisms is?

A

Meiosis

42
Q

Sets of four chromatids with each pair of sister chromatids joined at their centromeres is?

A

Tetrads

43
Q

An exchange of corresponding segments between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is?

A

Crossing over

44
Q

The place where two homologous chromatids are attached to each other is called?

A

Chiasma

45
Q

The production of gene combinations different from those carried by the original parental chromosomes is called ?

A

Genetic recombination

46
Q

An ordered display of magnified images of an individuals chromosomes arranged in pairs is called?

A

Karyotype

47
Q

When chromosome pair 21 has an extra chromosome, this can cause?

A

Down syndrome

48
Q

When members of a chromosome pair fail to separate this is called?

A

Nondisjunction

49
Q

If a fragment of a chromosome is lost, the remaining chromosomes will have a ?

A

Deletion

50
Q

If a fragment of one chromosome joins to a sister chromatid or homologous chromosome it will produce a ?

A

Duplication

51
Q

The attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a non homologous chromosome is ?

A

Translocation

Biology&211 (3 decks)

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