Chapter 8 Flashcards
Exotoxins
excreted by a living cell, with high concentrations in iiquid
Endotoxins
Integral part of the cell wall which is released upon cell death and sometimes during cell growth (gram - organsims)
Bacterial Enzymes
Coagulase, hyaluronidase, cytolysins
Coagulase
enzyme that helps blood to clot which then prevents wbc’s from reaching sight of the infection
Fungi
eukaryotic organisms that can cause infection
Mycoses
infections caused by fungi
Normal Flora
microorganisms that live in the body
3 types of fungal infection
Superficial - occur outside the body
Subcutaneous - introduced into subcutaneous tissue during trauma
Systemic - caused by inhalation of dust with fungus in it
Antimicrobial resistance
4 mechanisms
- produce enzymes that inactivate the drug
- Create a modified target that is no longer susceptible to the antibiotic
- prevent entry of drub into cell
- actively pump out drug
Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance
- subtheraputic dosing
- excessive use of antibiotics
Urinalysis
a test that looks at a number of different things:
- ph
- protein in urine
- leukocyte esterse
- nitrate
Urine Culture
Confirmatory or diagnostic of UTI and shows what caused it
Coagulase Test
- 2 sets are drawn half an hour apart (aerobic and anaerobic)
- usually when one out of two bottles come back positive for coagulase, it is positive for a contaminant
