Chapter 8

Question 1

The materials used to extinguish the fire

Answer 1

Extinguishing agent

Question 2

The most prevalent extinguishing agent in use

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

Water cannot be compressed; therefore, it can be forced to move by?

Answer 3

Applying pressure to it

Question 4

When a faucet is turned on, the water flows because of this pressure, known as?

Answer 4

Normal operating pressure

Question 5

Water can be found in three physical states:

Answer 5

Solid. Liquid. Gas

Question 6

Water begins to freeze at?

Answer 6

32 degrees

Question 7

In the temperature range from___water is in the form of a liquid

Answer 7

32-212

Question 8

Water as ice is important to understand from a?

Answer 8

Safety standpoint

Question 9

At 212°F it expands___times it’s original volume

Answer 9

1,700

Question 10

Water extinguishers fire through three basic methods:

Answer 10

1. Cools the burning material
2. Smothers the fire
3. Separates the fuel from the heat

Question 11

When water converts to steam, it can smother the fire by?

Answer 11

Displacing the oxygen in the room

Question 12

However, this remains the main reason water extinguished fire

Answer 12

Cooling the fire

Question 13

Hey certain amount of water is needed to cool and smother a fire. The amount of water needed is known as the?

Answer 13

Flow requirement

Question 14

The NFA formula:

Answer 14

NFF = L x W/3 x percentage of involvement

Question 15

The Iowa formula:

Answer 15

NFF = V/100

Question 16

The type of ______ chosen is a guiding factor in extinguishment

Answer 16

Nozzle

Question 17

_____are used to shape fire streams, which helps meet extinguishment goals

Answer 17

Nozzles

Question 18

Probably the most widely used nozzle in the fire service today is the?

Answer 18

Fog nozzle

Question 19

These nozzles have better cooling capabilities than any other nozzle

Answer 19

Fog nozzle

Question 20

For this reason, fog nozzles have a tremendous amount of cooling capability

Answer 20

The greater surface area. More droplets of water

Question 21

Wide fog patterns maybe used for protection of firefighters or to?

Answer 21

Aid in ventilation

Question 22

Straight streams may be used for reach or?

Answer 22

Penetration

Question 23

One problem with fog nozzle is is that they tend to be affected by?

Answer 23

Wind and weather

Question 24

This can make a fog stream ineffective

Answer 24

Wind

Question 25

Fog nozzles are also available with emergency low pressure switches at the front of the nozzle. In the low pressure mode the firefighter has an effective stream at___psi

Answer 25

50 psi

Question 26

Perhaps one of the best benefits of a smoothbore nozzle is that it creates a stream that does not generally disturb the?

Answer 26

Thermal layers of the fire OR push the heat and gases into other areas, which can result in better survivability for occupants AND typically results in fewer steam burns to the firefighters

Question 27

This nozzle creates a solid stream of water

Answer 27

Smooth-bore

Question 28

These nozzles create a stream of water discharge by small orifices of various sizes and shapes

Answer 28

Broken stream nozzles

Question 29

And both of these nozzles, the application of water is done blindly

Answer 29

Piercing nozzle or cellar nozzle

Question 30

The following simple steps can be taken on the fire ground to reduce friction:

Answer 30

• reduce hose length
• use larger hose
• reduce number of couplings and appliances
• reduce bends and kinks
• change type and or size hose

Question 31

The friction loss that cannot be reduced on the fire ground must be overcome with?

Answer 31

Pump discharge pressure

Question 32

____Is the primary ingredient in foam

Answer 32

Water

Question 33

90% or more of the foam is?

Answer 33

Water