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Hazmat > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Terrorist organizations plan activities that will have an emotional effect on the target population.

A

target population

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2
Q

New tactics such as cyber terrorism and agroterrorism present threats to computer/network security and food supplies.

A

cyber terrorism and agroterrorism

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3
Q

A biological toxin made from castor beans.

A

Ricin

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4
Q

An explosive that can be made from common household products without expensive laboratory equipment.

A

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP)

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5
Q

Biological agricultural threats that have natural reservoirs in nature.

A

Foot and mouth disease

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6
Q

Radiological materials - Materials can be stolen and or acquired from variety of accessible medical and construction sources.

A

Radiological materials

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7
Q

Toxic industrial chemicals - Chemicals are available in every jurisdiction.

A

Toxic industrial chemicals

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8
Q

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) - Is typically a white crystalline powder with a distinctive acrid smell and can range in color from a yellowish to white color.

A

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP)

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9
Q

explosives are more commonly used than other WMDs.

A

explosives

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10
Q

The majority of terrorist attacks involves the use of explosive materials and incendiary devices, and typically considered conventional attacks.

A

conventional attacks.

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11
Q

Car and truck bombs can do greater damage than accidental gas explosions. Indicators include shattered reinforced concrete and bent structural steel.

A

gas explosions

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12
Q

An explosion results when a material undergoes a physical or chemical reaction that releases rapidly expanding gases.

A

expanding gases

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13
Q

The shock front leads the positive pressure wave, striking anything in its path with a hammering force.

A

shock front

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14
Q

The positive pressure wave continues outwards in an expanding radius until its energy diminishes.

A

positive pressure wave

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15
Q

Structures damaged in the initial blast can be further damaged in the negative pressure phase.

A

negative pressure phase

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16
Q

An explosions negative pressure phase lasts about three times longer than the positive pressure phase.

A

three times

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17
Q

The shock wave may travel through the ground, creating a seismic disturbance.

A

seismic disturbance

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18
Q

The explosion may release thermal heat energy in the form of a fireball.

A

fireball

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19
Q

The quantity and type of explosives determine the size of an explosion.

A

quantity and type

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20
Q

Most commonly, explosives are categorized by chemical reaction or rate of decomposition.

A

rate of decomposition

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21
Q

Only division 1.1 and division 1.4 are used in explosive attacks.

A

1.4

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22
Q

High explosives placard 1.1 decompose rapidly in a detonation that can include velocities faster than the speed of sound.

A

High explosives

placard 1.1

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23
Q

Detonation - Explosion with an energy front that travels faster than the speed of sound.

A

Detonation

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24
Q

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) - High explosive blasting agent made of common fertilizer mixed with diesel fuel or oil: requires a booster to initiate detonation.

A

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO)

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25
Q

Black powder and TNT are examples of low and high explosives.

A

Black powder

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26
Q

Low explosive (1.4) materials decompose rapidly but do not produce an explosive effect unless they are confined. Commonly used as propellants

A 
Low explosive (1.4)
they deflagrate
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27
Q

Primary explosives - Easily initiated and highly sensitive to heat and usually used as detonators.

A

Primary explosives

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28
Q

Secondary explosives - Designed to detonate only under specific circumstances usually by activation energy from a primary explosive.

A

Secondary explosives

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29
Q

Tertiary explosives (blasting agents) - Insensitive materials based on ammonium nitrate, they usually require initiation from a secondary explosive.

A

Tertiary explosives (blasting agents)

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30
Q

Deflagrate - To explode at a rate of speed slower than the speed of sound.

A

Deflagrate

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31
Q

Detonator - Device used to trigger less sensitive explosives, usually composed of a primary explosive.

A

Detonator

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32
Q

Responders typically stage 300 meters away form a suspected explosive material incident.

A

300

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33
Q

Improvised explosives materials are typically made by combining an oxidizer with a fuel.

A

Improvised

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34
Q

Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) - Peroxide based white powder high explosive organic compound that can be manufactured using nonspecialized equipment.

A

Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD)

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35
Q

Peroxide based explosives labs may have quantities of acetone and hydrogen peroxide.

A

acetone

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36
Q

Improvised explosive devices may contain chlorate based oxidizers.

A

chlorate

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37
Q

Chlorate based oxidizers commonly take the form of a white crystal or powder that must be mixed with a fuel source.

A

fuel source

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38
Q

pipe bomb - The most common type of IED found in the U.S.

A

pipe bomb

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39
Q

All pipe bombs can be sensitive to shock or friction.

A

friction

40
Q

A chemical attack is the deliberate release of a toxic gas, liquid, or solid that can poison people and the environment.

A

chemical attack

41
Q

Chemical agents are intended for use in warfare or terrorist activities to kill, seriously injure, or seriously incapacitate people through their physiological effects.

A

Chemical agents

42
Q

Responders must complete a primary search when responding to a bombing incident.

A

primary search

43
Q

Exposure to chemical agents may cause miosis.

A

miosis

44
Q

Nerve agents are the most toxic chemical warfare agents.

A

Nerve agents

45
Q

Stable, easily dispersed, and highly toxic, nerve agents have rapid effects when absorbed through the skin or respiratory system.

A

nerve agents

46
Q

Although nerve agents are generally clear and colorless, colors and odors can vary with impurities.

A

impurities

47
Q

Impure G agents may have a slight fruity odor.

A

G

48
Q

Nerve agents are liquids at ambient temperatures and dispersed as an aerosolized liquid.

A

aerosolized liquid

49
Q

Tabun - Usually low volatility, persistent chemical agent that is absorbed through skin contact or inhaled as a vapor.

A

Tabun

50
Q

Sarin - Usually volatile, nonpersistent chemical agent that is mainly inhaled.

A

Sarin

51
Q

soman - Usually moderately volatile chemical agent that can be inhaled or absorbed through skin contact.

A

soman

52
Q

Cyclohexyl sarin - Low volatility persistent chemical agent that is absorbed through skin contact and inhaled as a vapor.

A

Cyclohexyl sarin

53
Q

V-agent - Low volatility persistent chemical agent that can remain on material for long periods.

A

V-agent

54
Q

G-series agent - Tend to be nonpersistent unless manufacturers thicken them with some other agent to increase their persistency.

A

G-series agent

55
Q

GB is an easily volatile liquid that is primarily an inhalation hazard.

A

GB

56
Q

Considering the low vapor pressures, nerve agent vapors will not travel far under normal conditions.

A

nerve agent vapors

57
Q

Speed is the most important factor in medical management of individuals who have been exposed to nerve agents because of their extremely rapid effects.

A

Speed

58
Q

Blister agents burn an blister the skin or any other part of the body they contact.

A

Blister agents

59
Q

volatility - Ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temp.

A

volatility

60
Q

Antidote - Substance that counteracts the effects of a poison or toxin.

A

Antidote

61
Q

Autoinjector - Spring loaded syringe filled with a single dose of a lifesaving drug.

A

Autoinjector

62
Q

Blister agents are more likely to produce casualties than fatalities, although exposure to such agents can be fatal.

A

Blister agents

63
Q

Blister agents are usually persistent and may be oily liquids ranging from colorless to pale yellow to dark brown, depending on purity.

A

persistent

64
Q

Blood agents are chemical asphyxiants.

A

chemical asphyxiants

65
Q

The most effective treatment for chemical agent exposure are autoinjectors containing antidotes.

A

antidotes.

66
Q

Chemical asphyxiant - Substance that reacts to prevent the body from being able to use oxygen.

A

Chemical asphyxiant

67
Q

Arsine gas is formed when arsenic comes into contact with an acid.

A

Arsine

68
Q

Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, highly volatile liquid that is extremely flammable, highly soluble, and stable in water.

A

Hydrogen cyanide

69
Q

Cyanogen chloride is a colorless, highly volatile liquid that dissolves readily in organic solvents but is only slightly soluble in water.

A

Cyanogen chloride

70
Q

Choking agents attack and cause tissue damage to the lungs.

A

Choking agents

71
Q

Two of the most common choking agents are Chlorine and phosgene.

A

Chlorine and phosgene

72
Q

Chlorine - Yellow green in color, is usually pressurized and cooled to a liquid state for storage and transport.

A

Chlorine

73
Q

Phosgene - is a colorless, nonflammable gas that has the odor of freshly cut hay.

A

Phosgene

74
Q

All riot agents are solids and require dispersion as aerosolized particles, usually released by pyrotechnics or a propelled spray with the particles suspended in a liquid.

A

riot agents

75
Q

Incapacitant - Produces a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours to days after exposure has occurred.

A

Incapacitant

76
Q

Vomiting agent - Causes violent, uncontrollable sneezing, coughing, nausea, vomiting, and a general feeling of bodily discomfort.

A

Vomiting agent

77
Q

A toxic industrial material is an industrial chemical that is toxic at a certain concentration and is produced in quantities exceeding 30 tons per year at one production facility.

A

30

78
Q

The primary operational objective at a chemical attack is to do the greatest good for the greatest number.

A

chemical attack

79
Q

Biological agent - Viruses, bacteria, or their toxins which are harmful to people, animals, or crops.

A

Biological agent

80
Q

Antibiotic - Antimicrobial agent made from a mold or a bacterium that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.

A

Antibiotic

81
Q

Weaponized anthrax is a more dangerous inhalation hazard.

A

anthrax

82
Q

If a biological attack is suspected, first responders should immediately notify their local health care agency.

A

biological attack

83
Q

When developing a biological weapon, the method of transmission is an important consideration.

A

transmission

84
Q

Vector - An animate intermediary in the indirect transmission of an agent that carries the agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host.

A

Vector

85
Q

An Infectious disease is one that is caused by a microorganism with the potential to transfer to another person.

A

Infectious disease

86
Q

An attack with a contagious agent, such as smallpox or SARS, has the potential to become an epidemic.

A

contagious agent

87
Q

Bioterrorism incidents will most likely cross jurisdictional boundaries.

A

jurisdictional

88
Q

In the event of an overt attack or incident, responders should focus on isolation and containment of the biological agent to prevent the spread of pathogens and toxins.

A

pathogens and toxins

89
Q

Overt attacks could include white powder incidents, discovery of a suspected biologic lab, or witnessed use of spray devices.

A

Overt attacks

90
Q

Responders should use common infection control procedures to protect themselves from biological agents.

A

infection control procedures

91
Q

If possible, keep individuals who have been exposed to biological agents from leaving the scene until a thorough risk assessment has been conducted and appropriate measures taken.

A

risk assessment

92
Q

Radiological attacks utilize weapons that release radiological materials, most likely in the form of dust or powder.

A

dust or powder.

93
Q

Radiological devises are sometimes referred to as dirty bombs because the contamination they spread could ruin property, crops, and livestock and cause large areas to become unusable.

A

dirty bombs

94
Q

Radiation exposure device - Powerful gamma emitting radiation source used as a weapon.

A

Radiation exposure device.

95
Q

An RDD is intended to disperse radioactive material over a large area, but an RDD is incapable of producing a nuclear yield.

A

nuclear yield

96
Q

The ERG provides response information for general radiological incidents involving low to high levels of radiation in Guide No. 163 nuclear yield. Radiological materials fall under UN/DOT class 7.

A

163, 7

Hazmat (15 decks)

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