________ intercostal space for needle insertion for tension pneumothorax?
2nd
_______ intercostal space for chest tube insertion.
4th
_____ for the lower margin of an endotracheal tube on a chest x-ray.
T4
________ structures run along the inferior margin of each rib, so needles and tubes should be placed just at the superior rib margins.
Neurovascular
Note the ______ intercostal space as a landmark for thoracentesis with needle insertion immediately superior to the 8th rib.
T7-T8
The inferior tip of the ______ is another useful bony landmark; it usually lies at the level of the 7th rib or interspace.
scapula
This landmark goes from the clavicale down past the nipple?
Midsternal line
This landmark goes down spinous process of the vertebra?
vertebral line
This landmark goes down the sternum?
midsternal line
This line goes down the front of the body and along the arm pit?
anterior axillary line
With the arm raised this line runs directly down the apex of the axilla?
midaxillary line
This line runs down back of posterior axillary fold?
posterior axillary line
This drops from the interior angle of the scapula?
scapular line
—above the clavicles
Supraclavicular
—below the clavicles
Infraclavicular
—between the scapulae
Interscapular
— below the scapulae
Infrascapular
—the lowermost portions Upper, middle, and lower lung fields
Bases of the lungs
covers the outer surface of the lungs
visceral pleura
The _________ lines the pleural cavity along the inner rib cage and the upper surface of the diaphragm.
parietal pleura
Between the visceral and parietal pleura is the pleural space, containing serous _______ _____.
pleural fluid
Accumulations of ____ _____, or pleural effusions, may be transudates, seen in heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome, or exudates, seen in numerous conditions including pneumonia, malignancy, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, and pancreatitis.
pleural fluid
