Flashcards in Chapter 8- Cellular Reproduction; Cells from Cells Deck (31):
1
parthenogenesis
the production of offspring by female without involvement of a male. One form of asexual reproduction.
2
asexual reproduction
the creation of a new generation without participation of sperm and egg.
3
Cell division
the two "daughter" cells that result are genetically identical to each other and to the original "parent" cell.
4
Chromosomes
the structures that contain most of the cell's DNA.
5
sexual reproduction
Requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
6
Gametes
egg and sperm-- involves a special type of cell division called meiosis, which occurs only in reproductive organs.
7
Chromatin
Combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes chromosomes; used to refer to form of chromosome in nondividing eukaryotic cell
8
Histones
Small basic protein associates with DNA and important in DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells
9
sister chromatids
One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell
10
Centromere
Region of s chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis
11
interphase
Period of the cell cycle when the cell is not actually dividing
12
Miotic phase
Part of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis producing two daughter cells
13
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells; usually occurs during telophase of mitosis; mitosis and cytokinesis make up the M (mitotic) phase of the cell cycle
14
Mitotic spindle
Spindle-shaped structures formed form microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
15
Centrosome
Material in the cytoplasm of a cell that gives rise to microtubules;
16
cleavage furrow
an indentation at the equator of the cell.
17
Cell plate
Double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis
18
Cell Cycle Control System
Specialized proteins within the cell that integrate information from the environment and from other body cells and send "stop " and "go-ahead" signals at certain key points during the cell cycle.
19
cancer
disease of the cell cycle by cells dividing excessively and may invade other tissues of the body.
20
Tumor
an abnormally growing mass of body cells.
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Benign tumor
the lump of abnormal cells remaining at the original site
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malignant tumor
one that has the potential to spend into neighboring tissues and other parts of the body, forming new tumors.
23
metastasis
the spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
24
somatic cell
typical body cell that has 46 chromosomes in humans.
25
Karyotype
a display of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position.
26
homologous chromosomes
the two chromosomes of such a matching pair carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics.
27
sex chromosomes
determine a persons sex.
28
autosomes
Females have two X chromosomes, the remaining chromosomes, found both in males and females are called autosomes.
29
Metastasis
the spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.
30
radiation therapy
parts of the body that have cancerous tumors are exposed to concentrated beams of high-energy radiation, which often harm cancer cells more than normal cells.
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