Chapter 8 Have a Heart Flashcards
1
Q
abbreviation of cardiovascular system
A
CVS
2
Q
cardiovascular system may be called the
A
circulatory system
3
Q
pertaining to the heart and vessels
A
cardiovacular
4
Q
combining form heart
A
cardi/o
5
Q
the heart is located in the ____ cavity
A
thoracic
6
Q
the heart lies in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in a space called the
A
mediastinum
7
Q
double walled membrane surrounding the heart
A
pericardium
8
Q
external layer of heart
A
epicardium
9
Q
middle layer of the heart
A
myocardium
10
Q
inner layer of the heart
A
endocardium
11
Q
the arteries that serve the heart are the
A
coronary arteries
12
Q
blockage
A
occlusion
13
Q
deficiency in blood flow to an area
A
ischemia
14
Q
tissue death
A
necrosis
15
Q
an area of necrosis due to ischemia
A
infarct
16
Q
mammalian and avian hearts have ___ chambers
A
four
17
Q
craniodorsal chambers of the heart
A
atria
18
Q
singular form of atria
A
atrium
19
Q
combining form atria
A
atri/o
20
Q
caudoventral chambers of the heart are
A
ventricles
21
Q
combining form ventricles
A
ventricul/o
22
Q
the narrow tip of the heart
A
apex
23
Q
blood flow through the heart is controlled by
A
valves
24
Q
a membranous fold
A
valve
25
combining form valve
valv/o, valvul/o
26
valve controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle
right atrioventricular valve (AV valve)
27
the right AV valve may be called the
tricuspid valve
28
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and controls blood entering the lungs
pulmonary semilunar
29
means half-moon
semilunar
30
The ____ _____receives blood from all tissues except the lungs
right atrium
31
blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle via the _____ valve
tricuspid; right AV valve
32
the right ventricle pumps blood through the ________ valve and into the pulmonary artery which carries it to the lungs.
pulmonary semilunar
33
blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle via the _____ valve
mitral; left AV valve
34
From the left ventricle, blood goes through the ______ valve into the aorta.
aortic semilunar valve
35
blood is returned to the right atrium by the
vena cava
36
oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart to the body via the
aorta
37
the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time
cardiac output
38
rate and regularity of the heart rhythm
heartbeat
39
the __________ located in the wall of the right atrium establishes the basic rhythm of the heart.
Also called the pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node
40
Electrical impulses start from the __________ start waves of contractions in the heart
SA node
41
True or False. Both atria contract simultaneously, forcing blood into the ventricles
True
42
Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to the
atrioventricular node (AV node)
43
the normal rhythm of the heart is called
sinus rhythm
44
Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to the AV node, into the ______ which causes ventricular contraction
Bundle of His
45
abnormal heart rhythm
arrhythmia; dysrythmia
46
the electrical activity of the heart can be recorded via
electrocardiography
47
contraction
systole
48
relaxation
diastole
49
without contraction or lack of heart activity
asystole
50
temporary suspension of respiration and circulation
syncope
51
abnormally slow heartbeat
bradycardia
52
abnormally fast heartbeat
tachycardia
53
rapid, random, ineffective heart contractions
fibrillation
54
the act of listening to the heart with a stethoscope
auscultation
55
when listening to the heart, one should hear
"lub-dub"
56
abnormal sound that is associated with turbulent blood flow
murmur
57
narrowing
stenosis
58
combining form vessel
vas/o; angi/o
59
opening in a vessel through which blood flows
lumen
60
narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel
vasoconstriction
61
widening of the lumen of a blood vessel
vasodilation
62
these blood vessels carry blood away from the heart
arteries
63
combining form artery
arteri/o
64
combining form aorta
aort/o
65
smaller branches of arteries
arterioles
66
single-cell-thick blood vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems
capillaries
67
T/F. Oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into body tissues and carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues back into the capillaries
TRUE. The small diameter of capillaries causes blood to flow slower which allows for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products.
68
tiny blood vessels that carry blood to veins
venules
69
vessels that return blood to the heart
veins
70
combining form vein
ven/o; phleb/o
71
within a vein
intravenous
72
within an artery
intra-arterial
73
the _____ veins drain the head and neck
jugular
74
the _____ drain the legs
femoral
75
the _____ drain the kidneys
renal
76
tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls
blood pressure
77
blood flow through tissues
perfusion
78
An indicator of perfusion is
capillary refill time (CRT)
79
CRT should be
< 2 sec
80
the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by blood pressure
pulse
81
blood pressure is measured by a
sphygmomanometer
82
combining form pulse
sphygm/o
83
combining form pressure
man/o
84
suffix meaning device
-meter
85
_____ pressure occurs when the ventricles contract
systolic
86
_____ pressure occurs when the ventricles relax
diastolic
87
combining form pressure/tension
tensi/o
88
high blood pressure
hypertension
89
low blood pressure
hypotension
90
process of evaluating the structure of the heart using sound waves
echocardiography
91
disease of blood vessel
angiopathy
92
heart enlargement
cardiomegaly
93
disease of heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
94
foreign object (air, clot) that is circulating in the blood
embolus
95
inflammation of the endocardium
endocarditis
96
collection of blood
hematoma
97
high levels of CO2 in the blood
hypercapnia
98
reduced levels of O2 in the blood
hypoxia
99
CO2
carbon dioxide
100
O2
oxygen
101
combing form blue
cyan/o
102
bluish tinge to the skin and mucous membranes
cyanosis
103
localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply
infarct
104
deficiency in blood supply
ischemia
105
inflammation of a blood vessel
vasculitis
106
surgical repair of a blood vessel
angioplasty
107
control or stoppage of bleeding
hemostasis
