Chapter 8 Muscles, Bones and Movement Flashcards
what can physical injury cause
can result in damaged ligaments pulled or torn muscles tendon rupture torn cartilages tendonitis fractured bones dislocation
what can degenerative diseases cause
damaged bones and joints, osteoporosis and arthritis
what causes a back problem
poor posture when bending and lifting which may result in a ruptured disc in the vertebral column
what is the function of a skeleton
support
protection
allowing movement
producing blood cells
what is the stuructre and function of a synovial joint
they are designed to move easily
ligaments - are strong bands of connective tissue which hold bones together they are slightly elastic to allow movement
cartilage - covers the end of the bones it is smooth to reduce friction and acts as a shock absorber
synovial fluid - reduces friction by lubricating the joint
what do muscles need energy for
to contract
the arrangement of the extensor and fexor muslces across a joint and the anatagonstic action of these in moving bones
when the flexor contacts a bending action occurs, to strengthen the limb to other muscle -the extensor- must contract to pull the bones back
the structure of the vertebrae column
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
the role of poor posture of treating back pain
poor posture can lead to back pain - lifting and bending can result in back pain
the cartilage can bulge out and may press on a nerve
the benefits of key hole surgery
speedy recoveries as only small incisions are made to reduce damage to surrounding tissues
methods of treating back pain
chiropractors and osteopaths
the use of materials in joint replacement treatments
metal - must not cause to body to react against them and must mimic the natural joint
- replaces the bone and gives strength to the joint
plastic - used to construct the head of the bone and reduces friction between the parts
what do chiropractors, osteopaths, physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons do
they return the muscles, bones and joints to their correct position following injury
what attaches muscles to bones
tendons
