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Anatomy And Phys > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

Articulation or arthrosis is a point of contact between two bones, bones and cartilage or bone and teeth

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2
Q

Structural classification of joints is based is based on 2 criteria

A

1 presence of space between articulating bone
2 type of connective tissue that binds the bones together

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3
Q

3 types of joints

A

1 fibrous joint
2 cartilaginous joint
3 synovial joint

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4
Q

Fibrous joint

A

No synovial cavity
Bones held together by senses irregular tissue
Rich in collagen

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

No synovial cavity
Bones held together by cartilage

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6
Q

Synovial joint

A

Has synovial cavity
Held by dense irregular connective tissue of articular capsule and accessory ligaments

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7
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint or little to no movement

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8
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

A slightly movable joint

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9
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joint

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10
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndemoses
Interosseous membrane

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11
Q

Synotosis

A

A joint where there is complete fusion of two separate bones into one

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12
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Greater distance between articulating surface and more dense irregular connective tissue than sutures
Connective tissue is arranged in bundles allowing for some limited movements

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13
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighbouring long bones and permits slight movements

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14
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis
Symphyses
Epiphyseal cartilage

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15
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Connected by hyaline cartilage and slightly movable to immovable

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16
Q

Symphyses

A

The ends of the articulating bone are covered in hyaline cartilage, but they are connected by fibrocartilage
Slightly movable

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17
Q

Epiphyseal cartilage

A

Actually hyaline cartilage growth centres during endochondrial bone formation and not joints associated with movement
Immovable

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18
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Layer of hyalin cartilage that covers synovial joints
Does not bind, but provides a smooth slippery surface to reduce friction and also absorbs shock

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19
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds synovial joint and enclosing it and the articulating bones

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20
Q

2 layers of articular capsule

A

Fibrous membrane
Inner synovial membrane

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21
Q

Fibrous membrane

A

Consists of dense irregular connective tissue that attached periosteum and articulating bone

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22
Q

Inner synovial membrane

A

Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

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23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Secreted by synovial membrane
Forms film over surfaces within articular capsule

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24
Q

Accessory ligaments

A

Extracapsular ligaments
Intracapsular ligaments

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25
Q

Extracapsular ligaments

A

Lie outside of articular capsule

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26
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

Within articular capsules, but excluded from synovial cavity by synovial membrane

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27
Q

Articular discs

A

Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage that lies between articular surfaces of bone and attached to fibrous capsule
Present in some synovial joints

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28
Q

Bursae

A

Sac like structures that are strategically situated to alleviate friction in some joints
Not strictly part of synovial joints

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29
Q

Tendon/synovial sheath

A

Tubelike bursae that wraps around some tendons that experience considers me friction when passing through tunnels formed by connective tissue and bone

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30
Q

Gliding

A

Simple movement where nearly flat bone surfaces move back and forth, and side to side

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31
Q

Angular movement

A

Increase or decrease in angle between articulating bones

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32
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease in angle between articulating bones

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33
Q

Extension

A

Increase in angle between articulating bones

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34
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Flexion along frontal plane and involves intervertebral joints

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35
Q

Hyperextension

A

Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

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36
Q

Abduction or radial deviation

A

Movement of bone away from midline

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37
Q

Adduction or ulnar deviation

A

Movement of a bone towards midline

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38
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement of distal end of body part in a circle
Continuous sequence of Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction and rotation of joint

39
Q

Rotation

A

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

40
Q

Medial (internal) rotation

A

When anterior surface of a bone of a limb is turned toward midline

41
Q

Lateral (external) rotation

A

When anterior surface of a bone of a limb is turned away from midline

42
Q

Special movements

A

Occur only at certain joints

43
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement of a part of the body
Ex closing mouth

44
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement of a part of the body

45
Q

Protraction

A

Movement of a part of the body anteriorly in the transverse plane
Ex: chin

46
Q

Retraction

A

Movement of a protracted part of body back to anatomical position

47
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of sole medially at intertarsal joint

48
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of sole laterally at intertarsal joint

49
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending of foot at ankle in direction of dorsum

50
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Bending of foot at ankle joint in direction of plantar or inferior surface

51
Q

Supination

A

Movement of forearm at proximal and distal radioulnar in which palm is turned anteriorly

52
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of forearm at proximal and distal radioulnar joint in which the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna and palm is turned posteriorly

53
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb at carpometacarpal joint, where thumb moves across palm to touch tips of fingers

54
Q

6 types of synovial joints

A

Plane/planar joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Condyloid joints
Saddle joints
Ball and socket joints

55
Q

Plane/ planar joint

A

Flat and slightly curved
Back and forth, and side to side and also allows rotation against one another

56
Q

Biaxial

A

Permits movement in 2 axes

57
Q

Triaxial (multiaxial)

A

Permits movement in 3 axes

58
Q

Uniaxial/ monoaxial

A

Motion around single axis

59
Q

Hinge/ ginglymus joint

A

Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another
Flexion and extension

60
Q

Pivot/ trochoid joint

A

Round/pointed surface of one bone articulates with ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament
Rotation
Uniaxial

61
Q

Condyloid/ ellipsoidal joint

A

Convex oval shaped projection of one bone fits into oval shaped projections of another
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction
Biaxial

62
Q

Saddle/sellar joint

A

Articulating surface of one bone is saddle shaped and the other bone fits into saddle
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction
Biaxial

63
Q

Ball and socket

A

Ball like surface of one bone fits into cup like depression of another bone
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation
Triaxial

64
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Combined hinge and plane joint formed by condylar processes of mandible and mandibular fossa and articular tubercles of temporal bone
Only freely moving joint between skull bones

65
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket
Humeroscspular or glenohumeral joint

66
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Strong, broad ligament that strengthens superior part of articular capsule and reinforces anterior as peck of capsule

67
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A

3 thickenings of the articular capsule over anterior surface of joint
Stabilizes joint when humerus approaches or exceeds limit of motion

68
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Narrow sheet extending from greater tubercle to lesser tubercle of humerus

69
Q

Glenoid labram

A

Narrow rim of fibrocartilage around edge of Glenoid cavity that slightly deepens and enlarged Glenoid cavity

70
Q

4 bursae associated with shoulder joint

A

Subscapular bursa
Subdeltoid bursa
Subacromial bursa
Subcoracoid bursa

71
Q

Movement of shoulder joint

A

Flexion-extension
Hyperextension
Abduction-adduction
Medial-lateral rotation
Circumduction

72
Q

Elbow joint

A

Hinge joint formed by trochlea and capitulum of humerus, trochlear of ulna and head of radius

73
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

Thick triangular ligament
Part of it deepens socket of trochlea of humerus

74
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Strong, triangular ligaments that extend from lateral epicondyle of humerus into a anular ligaments of radius and radial notch of ulna

75
Q

Anular ligament of radius

A

Strong band that encircles head of radius and holds it to the radial notch of ulna

76
Q

Elbow joint movement

A

Allows Flexion and extension of forearm

77
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball and socket formed by head of femur and acetabulum of hip joint

78
Q

Articular capsule of hip joint

A

Very strong and dense, goes from rim of acetabulum to neck of femur
Accessory ligaments make it one of strongest structures in the body

79
Q

Ligaments of head of femur

A

Flat triangular band
Has small artery that supplies head of femur

80
Q

Hip joint movements

A

Flexion-extension
Abduction-adduction
Lateral-medial rotation
Circumduction of thigh

81
Q

Knee joint

A

Largest and most complex joint of body
Modified hinge joint that consists of three joints within one synovial cavity

82
Q

Three joints of the knee joint

A

Laterally- tibiofemoral joint
Medially-tibiofemoral joint
Intermediate-patellofemoral joint

83
Q

Articular capsule of knee joint

A

There is no complete, independent capsule that unites bones of knee joint
Has a ligament sheath instead

84
Q

Medial and lateral patellar retinacula

A

Fused tendons of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle and fascial lata that strengthens anterior surface joint

85
Q

Patellar ligaments

A

Continuation of common tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle that extends from patella to tibial tuberosity

86
Q

Tibial collateral ligaments

A

Broad flat ligaments in medial surface of joint that extend from medial surface of joint that extend from medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

87
Q

Fibular collateral ligaments

A

Strong, rounded ligaments on lateral surface of joint, that extend from lateral condyle of femur to lateral side of head of fibula

88
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

Ligaments within capsule connecting tibia and femur
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

89
Q

Articular discs

A

2 fibrocartilage discs between tibial and femoral condyles that help compensate for irregular shapes of the bones and circulate synovial fluid
Medial and lateral meniscus

90
Q

Bursae of knee

A

Prepatellar bursa
Infrapatellar
Suprapatellar

91
Q

Prepatellar bursa

A

Between patella and skin

92
Q

Infrapatellar bursa

A

Between superior part of tibia and patellar ligament

93
Q

Suprapatellar bursa

A

Between inferior parts of femur and deep surface of quadriceps femoris muscle

Anatomy And Phys (12 decks)

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