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Physical Science > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of the nature, behavior, and uses of static (stationary) electricity and related phenomena?

A

electrostatics

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2
Q

Who discovered that rubbing amber would cause bits of straw to be attracted?

A

Thales of Miletus

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3
Q

Who discovered that other materials besides amber would produce the same attractive force?

A

William Gilbert

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4
Q

Who discovered static electricity and the existence of two types of charge (negative and positive)?

A

Benjamin Franklin

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5
Q

What is a property that allows particles to attract and repel other charged particles by the electromagnetic force?

A

electric charge

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6
Q

What has a positive charge?

A

proton

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7
Q

What has a negative charge?

A

electron

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8
Q

What is the interaction between electrons and other charged particles?

A

electricity

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9
Q

What describes an atom or other object with an equal number of positive and negative charges?

A

neutral

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10
Q

What is an electric charge that is stationary on the surface of a charged object?

A

static electricity

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11
Q

What is the SI unit of electric charge?

A

Coulomb (C)

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12
Q

What is the law that states that opposite charges attract each other but like charges repel each other?

A

law of electric charge

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13
Q

What si the law stating that strength of the attraction or repulsion between two charged objects is directly related to the square of the distance between them?

A

law of electric force

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14
Q

What is the region around a charged object in which other objects are attracted or repelled by an electric force?

A

electric field

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15
Q

What are arrows that indicate that direction and strength of an electric field?

A

lines of force

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16
Q

What is an electric field with even strength throughout?

A

uniform field

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17
Q

What is the transfer of an electric charge through direct contact?

A

conduction

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18
Q

What is the law stating that the total electric charge is the same before and after?

A

law of conservation of charge

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19
Q

What is the process of diverting unwanted electric charge directly into the earth?

A

grounding

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20
Q

What is the process of imparting electric charge form one object to another without direct contact between the objects?

A

induction

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21
Q

What is the flow of charge from one place to another?

A

current

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22
Q

What is a simple device that uses the law of electrostatics to detect small electric charges?

A

electroscope

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23
Q

What are the liquids and solutions that contain ions?

A

electrolytes

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24
Q

What is the flow of electrons or other charged particles form one place to another?

A

current electricity

25
Q

What is electricity that flows in only one direction, without reversing?

A

direct current (DC)

26
Q

What is electricity that flows first in one direction and then the other, reversing at regular intervals?

A

alternating current (AC)

27
Q

What is the work per unit of charge done to move electric charges between different parts of an electric field?

A

voltage

28
Q

What is the SI unit of voltage, equal to one joule per unit coulomb?

A

volt (V)

29
Q

What is the rate of charge “flow”?

A

current

30
Q

What is the SI unit of current; informally called the amp?

A

Ampere (C/s)

31
Q

What is the amount of energy used when one kW of power is used continuously for 1hr; equal to 3.6MJ?

A

Kilowatt-hour

32
Q

What is a material through which current clows easily?

A

conductor

33
Q

What is a material through which the current does not easily flow?

A

insulator

34
Q

What is a material that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator?

A

semiconductor

35
Q

What is the amount of a certain object that hinders electron flow?

A

resistance

36
Q

What is the unit of resitstance?

A

ohm

37
Q

What is heat converted from the energy used to overcome electrical restistance?

A

joule heat

38
Q

What is the main factors affecting resistence?

A

types of material, diameter of the conductor, length of the conductor, temperature

39
Q

What is the most important factor affecting the ease of current flow?

A

the type of material

40
Q

What is a material that allows current to flow through it with no resistance at all?

A

superconductor

40
Q

What is the temperature at which a material becomes a superconductor?

A

critical temperature

41
Q

What is the law stating that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance?

A

Ohm’s law

42
Q

What is an electrical device designed to add resistance to a circuit?

A

resistor

43
Q

What is the path that an electric current follows?

A

electric current

44
Q

What are the three main parts of a simple electric circuit?

A

a source of current, a set of conductors, a load

45
Q

What is a device that transforms the energy of an electric current into another useful form of energy?

A

load

46
Q

What is a circuit that contains a complete path for electrons to flow from the source of current, through the load and back to the source?

A

close circuit

47
Q

What is a circuit in which a gap is made and electrons cannot cross through, causing the current flow to cease?

A

open circuit

48
Q

What is a device that opens or closes a circuit?

A

switch

49
Q

What is a dangerous situation that occurs if electricity has the opportunity to take a “shortcut” through a circuit, avoiding the load?

A

short circuit

50
Q

What is a narrow strip of metal housed in a protective, metal case, used to guard against short circuits?

A

fuse

51
Q

What is an automatic switch that opens a circuit when current flowing through it exceeds a predetermined amount?

A

circuit breaker

52
Q

What is a circuit in which the loads are arranged so that the electric current flows through each load one after another?

A

series circuit

53
Q

What is a circuit in which the load are arranged in separate branches of the circuit and the current is divided among them?

A

parallel circuit

54
Q

In which type of circuit are the resistances of the individual loads add to each other?

A

series circuit

55
Q

In which type of circuit is the voltage in each branch the same voltage of the circuit as a whole?

A

parallel circuit

56
Q

In which type of circuit is the total resistance reduced as loads are added in parallelto the circuit?

A

parallel circuit

57
Q

In which type of circuit are the resistances of the individual loads add to each other?

A

series circuit

58
Q

What does electric current require in order to flow through a circuit?

A

a complete circuit

Physical Science (16 decks)

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