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Unit 8 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The ___ is the basic unit of body structure

A

Cell

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2
Q

What building block of the body and needs food, water, and oxygen to live and function?

A

Cells

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3
Q

Groups of cells with similar function form _____

A

tissues

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4
Q

Groups of tissues form _____

A

organs

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5
Q

The process of cell division is called ____

A

mitosis

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6
Q

What is the control center of the cell?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

What is the outer covering of the cell called?

A

cell membrane

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8
Q

_____ tissue covers internal & external body surfaces

A

Epithelial

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9
Q

What tissue covers the skin, hair, nails, and glands?

A

Epithelial

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9
Q

Which tissue lines the nose, mouth, & respiratory tract?

A

Epithelial tissue

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10
Q

______ tissue anchors, connects, and supports other tissues

A

Connective

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11
Q

Bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage are ______ tissue

A

connective

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12
Q

Blood is a form of ______ tissue

A

connective

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13
Q

_______ tissue stretches and contracts to let the body move

A

Muscle

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14
Q

What tissue receives and carries impulses to the brain and back to the body parts?

A

Nerve tissue

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15
Q

______ are formed by organs that work together to perform special functions

A

Systems

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16
Q

What is the largest system in our body?

A

The integumentary System

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17
Q

What body system protects our body and is a “covering”?

A

Integumentary system

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18
Q

What kind of tissues and glands does the integumentary system have?

A

epithelial, connective, nerve tissues; oil & sweat glands

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19
Q

What are the 2 skin layers?

A

epidermis & dermis

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20
Q

Which layer of the skin consists of living & dead cells, contain pigment which gives skin color, but has no blood vessels?

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

What is the outer layer of skin called?

A

Epidermis

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22
Q

Which layer of skin has few nerve endings?

A

Epidermis

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23
Q

Which layer of skin contain hair roots, and blood vessels, and nerves?

A

Dermis

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24
Q

Which layer of skin are sweat & oil glands located?

A

Dermis

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25
Q

Oil glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails are skin __________

A

appendages

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26
Q

What gland helps regulate body temperature?

A

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

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27
Q

What body system prevents microorganisms and other substances from entering the body?

A

Integumentary system

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28
Q

What body system protects organs from injury?

A

Integumentary system

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29
Q

There are ____ bones in the human body

A

206

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30
Q

What body system provides the framework, lets the body move, also protects the organs and gives the body shape?

A

Musculo-Skeletal System

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31
Q

________ contains blood vessels that supply bone cells with O2 and nutrients

A

Periosteum

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32
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A
  • Long bone
  • Short bone
  • Flat bone
  • Irregular bone
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33
Q

____ bones bear the body’s weight

A

Long

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34
Q

What are long bones?

A

Leg bones

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35
Q

____ bones allow skill & ease in movement

A

Short

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36
Q

Bones in the wrists, fingers, ankles, and toes are ____ bones

A

Short

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37
Q

____ bones protect the organs

A

Flat

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38
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

Ribs, skull, pelvic bones, and shoulder blades

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39
Q

What bone allows various degrees of movement and flexibility?

A

Irregular bones

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40
Q

_____ bones are the vertebrae in the spinal column

A

Irregular

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41
Q

_____ are hard, rigid structures

A

Bones

42
Q

_______ and _______ are needed for bone formation and strength

A

Calcium and phosphorus

43
Q

Bones are covered by a membrane called ________

A

Periosteum

44
Q

What is stored within the center of the bone?

A

Bone marrow

45
Q

What is formed in bone marrow?

A

Blood cells

46
Q

A _____ is the point at which 2 or more bones meet. ____ allow movement

A

Joints

47
Q

______ is connective tissue at the end of the long bones

A

cartilage

48
Q

What cushions the joint so that the bone ends do not rub together?

A

Cartilage

49
Q

________ lines the joints and secretes ______ fluid

A

synovial membrane; synovial fluid

50
Q

What acts as a lubricant so the joints can move smoothly?

A

synovial fluid

51
Q

Bones are held together at the joint by strong bands of connective tissue called _______

A

ligaments

52
Q

What are the three major types of joints?

A
  • Ball-and-socket joint
  • A hinge joint
  • A pivot joint
53
Q

Joints move smoothly due to ______ fluid

A

synovial

54
Q

Which joint allows turning from side to side?

A

pivot joint

55
Q

A ____ joint connects the skull to the spine

A

pivot

56
Q

Which joint allows movement in all directions?

A

Ball & socket joint

57
Q

What are examples of ball-and-socket joints?

A

Hips & shoulder

58
Q

Which joint allows movement in 1 direction?

A

hinge joint

59
Q

The elbow is a ____ joint

A

hinge

60
Q

The body has over ____ muscles

A

500

61
Q

Name the 3 functions of muscles

A
  • Movement of body parts
  • Maintenance of posture or muscle tone
  • Production of body heat
62
Q

_____ muscles are consciously controlled

A

Voluntary

63
Q

T/F:Muscles attached to bones are involuntary

A

False: Muscles attached to bones are voluntary

64
Q

Skeletal muscles are:
a. voluntary muscles
b. involuntary muscles
c. cardiac muscle
d. independent muscles

A

a. voluntary muscles

65
Q

T/F: Skeletal muscles are striated

A

True

66
Q

______ muscles work automatically and you cannot control them

A

involuntary

67
Q

Which muscles control the action of the stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and other body organs?

A

Involuntary

68
Q

Muscles that are striped or streaked are ______

A

striated

69
Q

T/F: Cardiac muscles are voluntary

A

FALSE: Involuntary

70
Q

_______ circular bands of muscle fibers that constrict a passage way or they close a natural body opening.

A

Sphincters

71
Q

What are the different sphincters in our body?

A
  1. Lower esophageal sphincter
  2. Pyloric sphincter
  3. Anal Sphincter
  4. Urethral sphincter
72
Q

What sphincter is an opening from the stomach to the small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

73
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Central
  2. Peripheral
74
Q

What body system controls, directs, and coordinates body functions?

A

Nervous System

75
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain & spinal cord

76
Q

The nerves that spread throughout the body make up the ______ nervous system

A

Peripheral

77
Q

A _______ is anything that excites or causes a body part to function, become active, or respond.

A

Stimulus

78
Q

When the body responds to a stimulus, this is called?

A

A reflex

78
Q

What part of the brain is the center of thought and intelligence?

A

Cerebrum

79
Q

What is the largest part of the brain called?

A

Cerebrum

80
Q

How long is the spinal cord?

A

17 to 18 inches long

81
Q

The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by 3 layers of connective tissue called _______

A

menings

82
Q

What does the brainstem contain?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

83
Q

The cranial & spinal nerve are part of which nervous system?

A

Peripheral nervous system

84
Q

_____ nerve conduct impulses between the brain and the head, neck, chest, and abdomen

A

Cranial

85
Q

Which nerves carry impulses from the skin and extremities?

A

Spinal nerves

86
Q

T/F: The medulla controls heart rate, breathing, blood vessel size, swallowing, coughing, and vomiting

A

True

87
Q

The autonomic nervous system is part of the ______ nervous system

A

Peripheral

88
Q

Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous sytem

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
89
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic: Speeds up functions, angry, scared, excited
  • Parasympathetic: Slows functions, relax
90
Q

The outside of the cerebrum is called the ______ ______

A

cerebral cortex

91
Q

Name the three layers of connective tissue that cover & protect the brain & spinal cord

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia Mater
92
Q

What is the smallest organ in the body?

A

The eyes

93
Q

Name the three layers of the eyes from outer to inner.

A
  • Sclera
  • Choroid
  • Retina
94
Q

The eye sits in a bony protective part called the _____

A

orbit

95
Q

The ear functions in _____ and _____

A

Hearing and Balance

96
Q

Name the three parts of the ear

A
  • External
  • Middle
  • Inner
97
Q

The external ear is called ______ or ______

A

pinna or auricle

98
Q

Sound waves are guided through the external ear into the ______ ______

A

auditory canal

99
Q

Auditory canal secrete a waxy substance called ______

A

Cerumen

100
Q

What separates the external and middle ear?

A

Eardrum/Tympanic membrane

101
Q

The auditory canal extends about __ inch into the eardrum

A

1 inch

102
Q

Name the three ossicle bones

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes

Unit 8 (3 decks)

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