Chapter 9

Question 1

Define a KMS (Knowledge Management System)

Answer 1

An organised collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to create, store, share and use the organizations knowledge and experience

Question 2

Explain explicit knowledge

Answer 2

Objective; can be measured and documented in reports, papers and rules

Question 3

Explain Tacit Knowledge

Answer 3

Hard to measure and document; typically not objective/ formalized

Question 4

Explain the steps in knowledge creation

Answer 4

1. An individual learns directly from another individual tacit knowledge is created from tacit knowledge
2. Two pieces of explicit knowledge are combined
3. An expert writes a book teaching others, explicit knowledge is created from tacit knowledge
4. A person reads the book and eventually becomes an expert themselves, tacit knowledge is created from explicit knowledge

Question 5

Define mashups

Answer 5

The combining of information from two or more web pages on one web page

Question 6

Where is the knowledge for a KMS stored?

Answer 6

In a knowledge repository which can be located inside and outside the organization

Question 7

Mention the process of a KMS

Answer 7

-Creating/ obtaining knowledge

-Storing knowledge

-Sharing knowledge

-Using knowledge

Question 8

Define Groupware

Answer 8

Software designed to help people work on a common task to collaborate more effectively

It includes tools like:
-Calendars
-Emails
-Document sharing
-Collaboration platforms

Question 9

Where can groupware be used?

Answer 9

-In businesses
-Academic institutions
-NOP’s

To facilitate communication and collaboration among team members

Question 10

List the things needed to support a KMS

Answer 10

-Hardware
-Software
-Databases
-Telecommunications
-Internet

Question 11

Define Collective knowledge

Answer 11

An open-source collaborative framework designed to allow users to share knowledge

Question 12

What is AI (Artificial intelligence)

Answer 12

The ability of computers to mimic/duplicate functions of the human brain

Question 13

Define artificial intelligence systems

Answer 13

People, procedures, hardware, software, data and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligence

Question 14

What are AI applications known to do?

Answer 14

-Make medical diagnoses
-Explore natural resources
-Determine what is wrong with mechanical devices
-Assist in designing and developing other computer systems

Question 15

Name the characteristics of intelligent behaviour

Answer 15

-Learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience

-Handle complex situations

-Solve problems when important information is missing

-Determine what is important

-React quickly and correctly to new situations

-Understand visual images

-Process and manipulate symbols

-Be creative and imaginative

-Use heuristics

Question 16

What is a perceptive system

Answer 16

A system that approximates the way a person sees, hears and hears objects

Question 17

List the major branches of AI

Answer 17

-Expert systems
-Robotics
-Natural Language processing
-Learning systems
-Visual systems
-Neural systems

Question 18

What is a visual system?

Answer 18

The hardware and software that permits computers to capture, store and manipulate visual image

E.g: Biometrics

Question 19

What is a natural language processing

Answer 19

Processing that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and comments made in a natural language

Question 20

Define a learning system

Answer 20

A combination of software and hardware that allows the computer to change how it functions/reacts to situations based on the feedback it receives

-It requires feedback on results of actions/decisions and its used to improve the system

Question 21

Explain Neural networks

Answer 21

A computer system that attempts to simulate the functioning of a human brain

-Capable of retrieving information even if some neural nodes fail

-It quickly modifies stored data as a result of new information

-It discovers relationships and trends in large databases

-It solves complex problems for which all information isn’t present

Question 22

What other AI applications are available

Answer 22

-Genetic Algorithm
-Intelligent agent/bot

Question 23

Define Genetic algorithm

Answer 23

An approach to solving large, complex problems in which a number of related operations/models change and evolve until the best one changes

Question 24

What is Robotics

Answer 24

Mechanical/computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious/hazardous for humans

Question 25

Define Intelligent agent/bot

Answer 25

Programs used and knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process or another program

Question 26

Provide an overview of expert systems/ characteristics of expert systems

Answer 26

-They behave similarly to a human expert in a particular field
-They use heuristics to make conclusions
-Explore new businesses and possibilities
-They reduce costs and overall profitability
-Provides superior service to customers and clients

Question 27

When should one use expert systems? /Develop an expert system if it

Answer 27

-Provides a high potential payoff/significantly reduces downside risk

-Capture and preserve irreplaceable human expertise

-Solve a problem that is too complex for traditional programming techniques

-Develop a system more consistent than human experts

Question 28

List the components of expert systems

Answer 28

-Knowledge base
-Inference engine
-Explanation facility
-Knowledge acquisition
-User interface

Question 29

What is a knowledge base

Answer 29

A component of an expert system that stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases and relationships used by the expert system

Question 30

What tools and techniques are used to create a knowledge base

Answer 30

-Assembling human experts
-Using fuzzy logic
-Using rules like if-then statements
-Using cases