_____ industrial application
Biotechnology
__ ___ any artificial gene manipulation.
Genetic Engineering
DNA carrier molecule
In which a foreign DNA inserted and carried
Recombination
Transformation, conjugation transduction in bacteria.
Recombinant DNA
Artificial manipulation to recombine DNA from 2 different sources. (Plant bacteria, animal unrelated bacteria)
Introduction of DNA in bacteria (list all 4)
1) transformation
2) electroporation
3) microinjection
4) protoplast fusion
What is a Vector
Is a DNA that transport foreign DNA into a cell.
Restriction enzymes
A special class of DNA cutting enzymes that exist in many bacteria
DNA ligase
Splices or joins DNA
DNA hybridization
DNA bases are complementary thus only bind with high specificity with complementary sequence or probes.
Polymerase chain reaction -(PCR)
diagnostic use amplification of signal or DNA present in a sample.
Two types of PCR?
Conventional PCR, real time QPCR
An orderly classification of living organisms
Taxonomy
Determine enzymatic activity of microorganism
Biochemical test
Three domain system
Eubacteria
Archea
Eucarya
All gram negative chemohetero- trophic bacteria
Proteobacteria
Long filaments that form the body of thallus of a fungi
Hyphae
The hyphae grow to form a filament our mass called
Mycelium
_ are nonfilamentous unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval
Yeast
Fungi that grow in both mold and yeast form
Dimorphic fungi
Stages. Of viruses of multiplication
1) attachment
2) penetration
3) uncoating
4) biosynthesis of viral components
5) maturation
6) release of virus
Stages of phagocytosis
Chemotaxis Adherence Ingestion Digestion Discharge
Latent virus infection
Virus remains latent by integrating in host cells, deactivated by stress or other stimulus (herpes virus)
Slow vial infection
The virus infection & multiplication continues until a high titre is attained to cause disease
What is the difference between Definitive Host and Intermediate host
Definitive host harbors adult sexually mature parasite and Intermediate host needs another host to complete life cycle.
Mycoplasmatales
Cell wall less bacteria
Clostridiales
Obligate anaerobes, produce endospores
Bacterioicins
Proteins produced by bacteria which inhibit the growth of other bacteria not itself. Example CDiff
Pathology
Scientific study of disease
Etiology
Causative agent of disease
Pathogenesis
The mechanism or process in which disease develops
Infection
Colonization of body by pathogens microorganisms (hiv infection)
Disease
Results when infection results in any change from health status. (Full blown AIDs with symptoms)
Symptoms
Feeling of body discomfort
Signs
Measurable changes in body
__ __ diseases that spread from one host to another
Communicable disease
__ ___ easily spread from person to person.
Contagious disease
__ __ is not spread from one host to another
Noncommunicable disease
Science that deals with, when and where disease occur and transmitted in humans is called ___
Epidemiology