Chapter 9 Flashcards
(21 cards)
language
A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols.
infinite generativity
The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.
phonology
The sound system of a language, which includes the sounds used and rules about how they may be combined.
morphology
The rule system that governs how words are formed in a language.
syntax
The ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
Semantics
the meaning of words and sentences.
pragmatics
The appropriate use of language in different contexts
telegraphic speech
The use of short, precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives.
fast mapping
children’s ability to make an initial connection between a
word and its referent after only limited exposure to the word
metalinguistic awareness
Knowledge about language.
phonics approach
An educational approach emphasizing that reading instruction should focus on teaching the basic rules for translating written symbois into sounds.
whole-language approach
An educational approach stressing that reading instruction should parallel children’s natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful.
metaphor
An implied comparison between two unlike things.
satire
The use of irony, derision, or wit to expose folly or wickedness.
Broca’s area
An area of the brain’s left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production and grammatical processing.
Wernicke’s area
An area of the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension.
aphasia
A disorder resulting from brain damage to Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area that involves a loss or impairment of the ability to use or comprehend words.
language acquisition device (LAD)
Chomsky’s term that describes a biological endowment enabling children to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.
child-directed speech
Language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences.
recasting
Rephrasing a statement that a child has said, perhaps turning itinto a question, or restating a child’s immature utterance in the form of a fully grammatical utterance.
expanding
Restating, in a linguistically sophisticated form, what a child has said. labeling Identifying the names of objects.
