Chapter 9: Industrialization around the World

Question 1

What happens when industrialization occurs?

Answer 1

• everything expands faster and populates
• immediate access to goods
• discrimination of different social classes

Question 2

Mass production

Answer 2

-greatest, quickest, and most production
-more and more average and lower people start to afford more

Question 3

enclosure movement

Answer 3

• took the common owners land and allowed it to be privately owned
• small community farmers lost their land and had to adjust to a whole new way of life, find a job

-CITIES GREW AND WORKED IN FACTORIES(didn’t require new skill or to learn new stuff)

Question 4

Social Changes And Pyramid

Answer 4

1) Aristocracy: businessmen
2) Middle Class: Smaller businessmen
3) Lower Middle Class: unemployed women and men
4) Laborers and peasants

Question 5

Class consciousness

Answer 5

• being aware where everyone lives in their class
  -create similarities to each other

Question 6

key to capitalism

Answer 6

competition
- pricing= better deals

Question 7

industrialization in Russia: Main focuses…

Answer 7

-railroads
-foreign investment

Where: St. Petersburg, Kiev, and Moscow

Question 8

Russia’s Major industries

Answer 8

-steel
-coal
-oil
-textiles

Question 9

Why don’t the businessmen and professionals(growing middle class) like the TSAR?

Answer 9

• no rebellion because it keeps contracts and workers in check

Question 10

Who created the soviets?

Answer 10

-factory workers who had a major sense of class consciousness that made them easily susceptible to radicalizing

Question 11

Industrialism in Latin America: Why was their political life unstable?

Answer 11

conservatives: wanted to support status quo
liberals: wanted to get rid of Catholic church, social reforms, and federalism

Question 12

What were some of their struggles?

Answer 12

-decimated populations
-farms abandoned
-international trade and foreign investment declined

Question 13

Export Boom in Latin America

Answer 13

• the goods are leaving country and its not beneficial because investment isn’t going back to them

Question 14

Major LA exports

Answer 14

Central America: bananas
Cuba: sugar
Bolivia: tin

Question 15

Why didn’t industrial revolution take place in Mexico?

Answer 15

-had small market for manufactured goods
- their population was poor
- no incentive to invest in manufacaturing

Question 16

Why were LA economies reliant on foreign investment?

Answer 16

-led to new form of colonialism
-indirect imperialism»economic control

Question 17

Colonialsm in asia, africa, and oceania imperialism

Answer 17

-connecting industialism and imperialism
-imperialism wouldn’t happen without industrialism

Question 18

Why did Europeans intentionally create racism?

Answer 18

-they based it off of where you came from and where you were in the social ladder

• they tried to base it off of science for ‘proof’

Question 19

imperialism

Answer 19

open up new areas to absorb excess population and create new markets for products

-building an empire

Question 20

new technologies

Answer 20

-steam engine; without it not able to get up river, wouldn’t get to africa to access all the goods they possess
-underwater telegraph
-malaria drug quinine
-improved weapons
-suez canal

Question 21

goals of imperialism

Answer 21

-desperation> makes people make interesting decisions; no one stuck up for other colonies getting colonized because they benefit from it

-used new tone of language to make themselves feel more superior

Question 22

communism

Answer 22

• command economy
  -gov/public economy
  decisions: government

Question 23

capitalism

Answer 23

-market/free market economy
-private ownership
decisions: private individuals

Question 24

socialism

Answer 24

-mixed economy
-combo
decisions: both

Question 25

Marxism

Answer 25

karl's version of socialism but considered communism

Question 26

colonialism= ?

Answer 26

imperialism> empire building

Question 27

Whose in direct control?

Answer 27

-local government officials -limited self-rule goal: develop future leaders -gov. based on European styles but may nave local rules

Question 28

Whose in direct control?

Answer 28

-foreign officials brought into rule -no self-rule goal: assimilate -gov. based only on european styles

Question 29

What changes did the European conquests have?

Answer 29

1) focus not only on W. Hemisphere 2) portugal and spain are not leading the way 3) now germany, italy, belgium. US, and japan have colonial powers 4) trying to rule indirectly rather than through formal government structures

Question 30

What continuities did the Euorpean conquests have?

Answer 30

1) colonialism involved with military force or threat of it by powers that had overthrowing military strength 2) france and britain had biggest colonial networks 3) natives lost political and economic sovereignty 4) introductions of new diseases towards new areas

Question 31

colonial life under european rule

Answer 31

trauma: loss of a life, homes, cattl, crops, land -took advantage to gain notriety or wealth -used for employment, status, and security

Question 32

What is a europeanized class?

Answer 32

-education from europeans and missionaries eroded traditional cultures -eventually took the place of the local cheifs who were acting

Question 33

indian rebellion (1857-1858)

Answer 33

sepoy rebellion/mutiny -rebellion to colonization

Question 34

Who opposed british colonization?

Answer 34

-local rulers who lost power -landowners who lost estates and lent -peasants exploited and overtaxed by urbanites -unemployed weavers displaced by machines -religious leaders against missionary activity soldiers who were asked to switch to pig and cow fat

Question 35

british colonization led to?

Answer 35

-widened racial divide in india between indians and britains -more conservative decisions started to be made on fear of another rebellion\ -led to direct control instead of indirect

Question 36

why are these empires distinctive from earlier empires?

Answer 36

-degreee to emphasizing race -ability of colonial gov. to change daily lives of average colonists ex: taxing, missionary work, technology -desire to count and classify colonists -colonized groups of gender and race ex: masculinity and whites on top of social status -colonial policies contradicted at home policies ex: reluctant to encourage innovation and modernization

Question 37

What powers do colonizers have?

Answer 37

-power to tax> land, goods, and money - seize land for European business; lose land they own and have no say in it -require labor> even unpaid, forced labor -build infrastructure> railroads, ports, roads -control/regulate economic activity; artisans, farmers, small merchants change way of how they live